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Russia: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 7,200 kits with a Y-DNA result and 2,821 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are R1a-M198 — 30%, N1a-M178 — 12% and J2 — 10%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 35%, U — 17% and K1 — 9%. YFull has 1,508 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is broadly the same. The largest gap is R1a-Z282: 23% on FTDNA against 43% on YFull.

Compare with…
17.0
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 53 of 123 among countries. About 68 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
2.5
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 52 of 93 among countries. About 145 million people (UN, 2023)

Mitotree, the mt tree of FTDNA Discover, has about 1,864 more samples from here that the public mt tree lacks: mostly academic studies, GenBank among them (copy of 11 November 2026). This page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Paternal line · Y-DNA

7,200 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
R
2,751 · 38.2% 28k years
R1a-M198
2,134 · 29.6% 8,500 years
Z282
1,645 · 22.8% 4,800 years
Z280
1,240 · 17.2% 4,700 years
CTS1211
812 · 11.3% 4,400 years
Y35
699 · 9.7% 4,300 years
Z92
398 · 5.5% 4,200 years
M458
387 · 5.4% 4,300 years
Z93
237 · 3.3% 4,700 years
R1b-M269
497 · 6.9% 6,500 years
L23
393 · 5.5% 6,400 years
L51
285 · 4.0% 6,100 years
J
1,191 · 16.5% 30k years
J2
727 · 10.1% 28k years
J2a
394 · 5.5% 20k years
J1
446 · 6.2% 19k years
N
1,056 · 14.7% 23k years
N1a-M178
855 · 11.9% 14k years
N-CTS2929
279 · 3.9% 4,000 years
N-Z1936
227 · 3.2% 4,500 years
I
812 · 11.3% 35k years
I2
446 · 6.2% 25k years
I2a
335 · 4.7% 20k years
CTS10228
294 · 4.1% 3,300 years
I1
360 · 5.0% 20k years
DF29
291 · 4.0% 4,500 years
G
454 · 6.3% 28k years
G2a
233 · 3.2% 19k years
E
404 · 5.6% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
362 · 5.0% 25k years
other
532 · 7.4%

Among the rest: C 156, Q 137, T 75, A 56, L 46, O 40, K 8, D 6, H 6, P 2.

Maternal line · mtDNA

2,821 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
994 · 35.2% 11k years
H1
299 · 10.6% 7,900 years
H1-T16189C!
90 · 3.2%
H5'36
93 · 3.3% 8,500 years
H5
87 · 3.1% 8,400 years
H3
80 · 2.8% 6,700 years
H6
77 · 2.7% 11k years
H6a1
72 · 2.6% 7,900 years
U
472 · 16.7% 51k years
U5a'b
246 · 8.7% 30k years
U5a
145 · 5.1% 21k years
U5a1
103 · 3.7% 13k years
U5b
101 · 3.6% 25k years
U5b1
74 · 2.6% 15k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
211 · 7.5% 50k years
U4
113 · 4.0% 22k years
K
299 · 10.6% 29k years
K1
254 · 9.0% 23k years
K1a
207 · 7.3% 11k years
K1a1b
144 · 5.1% 11k years
K1a1b1a
136 · 4.8% 2,800 years
J
234 · 8.3% 35k years
J1
207 · 7.3% 28k years
J1c
168 · 6.0% 13k years
T
234 · 8.3% 20k years
T2
172 · 6.1% 15k years
T2b
112 · 4.0% 8,500 years
HV
112 · 4.0% 13k years
V
105 · 3.7% 7,500 years
W
75 · 2.7% 12k years
other
296 · 10.5%

Among the rest: I 66, N 63, D 32, X 32, R 20, L 17, C 16, M 15, G 11, A 7, Z 6, F 5, Y 3, B 3.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Russia: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • R-Z92 R1a-Z92: 398 kits · 5.5% (95% confidence interval: 5–6%) (×12.6) 4,200 years
  • R-Y33: 410 kits · 5.7% (95% confidence interval: 5–6%) (×9.8) 3,900 years
  • R-Y2898: 365 kits · 5.1% (95% confidence interval: 5–6%) (×9.7) 3,700 years
  • R-Z280 R1a-Z280: 1,240 kits · 17.2% (95% confidence interval: 16–18%) (×7.8) 4,700 years
  • R-CTS3402: 694 kits · 9.6% (95% confidence interval: 9–10%) (×7.6) 4,000 years
  • R-CTS1211 R1a-CTS1211: 812 kits · 11.3% (95% confidence interval: 11–12%) (×6.9) 4,400 years
  • R-YP237: 219 kits · 3.0% (95% confidence interval: 3–3%) (×7.3) 3,700 years
  • R-Z282 R1a-Z282: 1,645 kits · 22.8% (95% confidence interval: 22–24%) (×4.2) 4,800 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

4–25%26–35%36–43%44–53%54–84%Russiaunder 100 kits
All 103 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Ukraine 84%
  2. Poland 82%
  3. Hungary 80%
  4. Belarus 78%
  5. Lithuania 77%
  6. Slovakia 76%
  7. Austria 73%
  8. Romania 72%
  9. Czech Republic 71%
  10. Latvia 70%
  11. Greece 67%
  12. Bulgaria 65%
  13. Italy 63%
  14. Turkey 62%
  15. Germany 62%
  16. Moldova 61%
  17. Serbia 56%
  18. Azerbaijan 54%
  19. Croatia 54%
  20. Uzbekistan 53%
  21. Iran 53%
  22. Estonia 53%
  23. Kazakhstan 53%
  24. Slovenia 53%
  25. Bosnia and Herzegovina 51%
  26. Macedonia 50%
  27. Israel 50%
  28. Georgia 50%
  29. Switzerland 49%
  30. Lebanon 49%
  31. Spain 49%
  32. Armenia 47%
  33. Netherlands 47%
  34. Iraq 47%
  35. Denmark 47%
  36. France 47%
  37. Syria 46%
  38. Albania 46%
  39. Portugal 45%
  40. Tajikistan 45%
  41. Belgium 44%
  42. Sweden 43%
  43. Egypt 43%
  44. England 43%
  45. United Kingdom 42%
  46. Afghanistan 41%
  47. Brazil 40%
  48. Montenegro 40%
  49. United States 40%
  50. Canada 40%
  51. Bahrain 38%
  52. Finland 38%
  53. Palestine 38%
  54. Italy (Sicily) 37%
  55. Mexico 37%
  56. Norway 37%
  57. Pakistan 37%
  58. India 36%
  59. Jordan 35%
  60. United Arab Emirates 35%
  61. United States (Native American) 35%
  62. Kuwait 35%
  63. Qatar 35%
  64. Tunisia 34%
  65. Saudi Arabia 34%
  66. Scotland 33%
  67. Puerto Rico 33%
  68. Wales 33%
  69. Luxembourg 32%
  70. Australia 32%
  71. Algeria 31%
  72. South Africa 30%
  73. Colombia 30%
  74. Morocco 29%
  75. Cuba 29%
  76. Ireland 29%
  77. Argentina 28%
  78. Libya 28%
  79. Mongolia 27%
  80. Sri Lanka 27%
  81. Yemen 26%
  82. Northern Ireland 26%
  83. Oman 25%
  84. Chile 24%
  85. Sudan 24%
  86. Iceland 21%
  87. China 21%
  88. England (Cornish) 21%
  89. Jamaica 20%
  90. Dominican Republic 20%
  91. Peru 17%
  92. New Zealand 17%
  93. Indonesia 16%
  94. South Korea 14%
  95. Japan 13%
  96. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 13%
  97. Somalia 11%
  98. Philippines 11%
  99. Isle of Man 10%
  100. Cameroon 9%
  101. Vietnam 8%
  102. Nigeria 6%
  103. Ghana 4%

Russia: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • HV9b: 16 kits · 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×21.9)
  • D5a: 17 kits · 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×13.2)
  • HV5a: 19 kits · 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×9.4)
  • H3p: 15 kits · 0.5% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×8.7)
  • W6a: 19 kits · 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×6.8)
  • H3w: 12 kits · 0.4% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×7.2)
  • HV1b: 29 kits · 1.0% (95% confidence interval: 1–1%) (×5.3)
  • U4d: 25 kits · 0.9% (95% confidence interval: 1–1%) (×5.0)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

1–33%34–55%56–74%75–81%82–92%Russiaunder 100 kits
All 70 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Poland 92%
  2. Ukraine 90%
  3. Hungary 87%
  4. Germany 87%
  5. Czech Republic 86%
  6. Austria 86%
  7. Lithuania 85%
  8. Slovakia 84%
  9. Sweden 84%
  10. England 83%
  11. Belarus 82%
  12. United Kingdom 82%
  13. Romania 81%
  14. United States 81%
  15. Netherlands 80%
  16. Norway 80%
  17. Scotland 80%
  18. France 80%
  19. Switzerland 79%
  20. Ireland 79%
  21. Italy 79%
  22. Latvia 79%
  23. Denmark 77%
  24. Belgium 77%
  25. Estonia 77%
  26. Wales 76%
  27. Canada 74%
  28. Northern Ireland 74%
  29. Finland 73%
  30. Croatia 72%
  31. Greece 72%
  32. Slovenia 72%
  33. Bulgaria 72%
  34. Serbia 69%
  35. Portugal 68%
  36. Australia 68%
  37. Bosnia and Herzegovina 67%
  38. Moldova 67%
  39. Turkey 64%
  40. Spain 64%
  41. United States (Native American) 61%
  42. Armenia 55%
  43. Syria 53%
  44. Algeria 51%
  45. Lebanon 50%
  46. Israel 48%
  47. New Zealand 43%
  48. Iraq 43%
  49. Morocco 42%
  50. Iran 41%
  51. Egypt 40%
  52. Saudi Arabia 37%
  53. South Africa 36%
  54. Cuba 34%
  55. Brazil 34%
  56. Kuwait 33%
  57. United Arab Emirates 33%
  58. Argentina 24%
  59. India 22%
  60. Mexico 19%
  61. Dominican Republic 19%
  62. Puerto Rico 17%
  63. Canada (First Nations) 13%
  64. China 12%
  65. Jamaica 8%
  66. Japan 7%
  67. Chile 7%
  68. South Korea 6%
  69. Colombia 5%
  70. Philippines 1%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

7,200
FTDNA
kits
1,508
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
R R-M207
38.2% · 52.3%+14
R1a-M198 R-M198
29.6% · 44.9%+15.3
Z282 R-Z282
22.8% · 43.2%+20.3
Z93 R-Z93
3.3% · 1.7%−1.6
R1b-M269 R-M269
6.9% · 6.8%−0.1
L23 R-L23
5.5% · 6.7%+1.2
J J-M304
16.5% · 6.2%−10.4
J2 J-M172
10.1% · 4.4%−5.7
J2a J-M410
5.5% · 2.3%−3.2
J1 J-M267
6.2% · 1.7%−4.5
N N-M231
14.7% · 16.9%+2.2
N1a-M178 N-M178
11.9% · 14.9%+3
N-CTS2929
3.9% · 6.8%+2.9
N-Z1936
3.2% · 5.4%+2.3
I I-L758
11.3% · 14.6%+3.3
I2 I-P215
6.2% · 7.5%+1.3
I2a I-P37
4.7% · 6.1%+1.4
I1 I-M253
5.0% · 7.1%+2.1
DF29 I-DF29
4.0% · 7.0%+2.9
G G-M201
6.3% · 2.3%−4.1
G2a G-P15
3.2% · 1.9%−1.3
E E-M96
5.6% · 4.6%−1
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
5.0% · 4.6%−0.4

mtDNA

2,821
FTDNA
kits
770
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
35.2% · 35.6%+0.3
H1
10.6% · 13.9%+3.3
H1-T16189C!
3.2% · 4.7%+1.5
H5'36
3.3% · 2.9%−0.4
H5
3.1% · 2.5%−0.6
H3
2.8% · 1.0%−1.8
H6
2.7% · 2.7%0
H6a1
2.6% · 2.7%+0.2
U
16.7% · 21.4%+4.7
U5a'b
8.7% · 11.4%+2.7
U5a
5.1% · 7.8%+2.7
U5b
3.6% · 3.6%+0.1
U2'3'4'7'8'9
7.5% · 9.5%+2
U4
4.0% · 5.6%+1.6
K
10.6% · 3.8%−6.8
K1
9.0% · 3.1%−5.9
K1a
7.3% · 1.2%−6.2
J
8.3% · 7.7%−0.6
J1
7.3% · 6.6%−0.7
J1c
6.0% · 6.0%0
T
8.3% · 11.3%+3
T2
6.1% · 7.9%+1.8
T2b
4.0% · 5.2%+1.2
HV
4.0% · 3.9%−0.1
V
3.7% · 3.0%−0.7
W
2.7% · 3.6%+1

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Regions with a page of their own are not included here: they are counted apart.

Y-DNA FTDNA 7,200 · Projects 2,724

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
R R-M207
38.2% · 42.6%+4.4
R1a-M198 R-M198
29.6% · 34.3%+4.6
Z282 R-Z282
22.8% · 26.6%+3.7
Z280 R-Z280
17.2% · 19.9%+2.6
CTS1211 R-CTS1211
11.3% · 12.8%+1.5
Y35 R-Y35
9.7% · 10.5%+0.8
R1b-M269 R-M269
6.9% · 7.0%+0.1
J J-M304
16.5% · 5.2%−11.3
J2 J-M172
10.1% · 3.7%−6.4
N N-M231
14.7% · 24.4%+9.7
N1a-M178 N-M178
11.9% · 19.2%+7.3
I I-L758
11.3% · 16.3%+5.1
I2 I-P215
6.2% · 7.3%+1.1
G G-M201
6.3% · 3.4%−2.9

mtDNA FTDNA 2,821 · Projects 1,219

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
35.2% · 40.3%+5
H1
10.6% · 12.1%+1.5
U
16.7% · 19.2%+2.5
U5a'b
8.7% · 9.5%+0.8
U5a
5.1% · 4.3%−0.9
U2'3'4'7'8'9
7.5% · 7.7%+0.2
K
10.6% · 6.1%−4.5
K1
9.0% · 3.9%−5.1
K1a
7.3% · 1.6%−5.7
J
8.3% · 7.5%−0.8
J1
7.3% · 5.5%−1.8
J1c
6.0% · 5.0%−1
T
8.3% · 8.4%+0.2
T2
6.1% · 5.4%−0.7
2,910
Y-DNA · People on the map
2,724 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 2,829 such votes
80%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
1,219
mtDNA · People on the map
1,219 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 1,206 such votes
84%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
R-Z282 +20.3
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 22.8%, YFull 43.2%
43% / 18%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 39.1 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 29.9
18%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
30%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
47%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.39
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+31
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+14
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+54
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+24
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

Subregions #

Each bar is all the kits of one place; a colour is a group of haplogroups. The “Russia” line holds kits that name only the country, without a region. A faded line has fewer than 20 kits; its shares are unreliable.

Y-DNA

R1a-Z282rest of RJ-CTS7683rest of JN-CTS3103rest of NGIEother
Russia no region 7,200
Chechnya 1,710
Dagestan 1,065
Adygea 414
Chuvashia 218
Mordovia 190
Ingushetia 119
Tatarstan 117
Karelia 110
Bashkortostan 104
Kabardino-Balkaria 84
Karachay-Cherkessia 77
North Ossetia-Alania 52
Udmurtia 20
Mari El 7
Komi 7
Kalmykia 6
Altai 6
Buryatia 5

mtDNA

H1rest of HUTKDWVJother
Russia no region 2,821
Chechnya 465
Chuvashia 79
Ingushetia 67
Dagestan 53
Karelia 26
Tatarstan 25
Adygea 23
Bashkortostan 23
Karachay-Cherkessia 11
Udmurtia 10
Kabardino-Balkaria 9
Mordovia 8
Buryatia 3
Mari El 2
Kalmykia 2
Komi 1
Altai 1
North Ossetia-Alania 0
no data
YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading
Nizhegorodskaya oblast' RU-NIZ 95 20 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 36%, N-M178 N1a-M178 17%, N-B523 N-P43 7%
Bryanskaya oblast' RU-BRY 83 67 R-Y35 R1a-Y35 51%, R-M458 R1a-M458 14%, R-Z92 R1a-Z92 7%
Moskovskaya oblast' RU-MOS 77 26 R-Z280 R1a-Z280 51%, I-CTS10228 I2a-CTS10228 10%, R-M458 R1a-M458 8%
Ryazanskaya oblast' RU-RYA 73 31 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 45%, I-DF29 I1-DF29 12%, R-U106 R1b-U106 4%
Moskva RU-MOW 59 28 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 42%, I-DF29 I1-DF29 19%, I-CTS10228 I2a-CTS10228 7%
Tul'skaya oblast' RU-TUL 51 35 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 67%, J-Z600 J2b-Z600 10%, N-M178 N1a-M178 8%
Kurskaya oblast' RU-KRS 49 17 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 59%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 8%, R-Z39589 R1b-Z39589 6%
Leningradskaya oblast' RU-LEN 47 18 N-Z1933 N-Z1933 40%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 17%, R-Z280 R1a-Z280 13%
Kirovskaya oblast' RU-KIR 45 15 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 38%, N-Z1936 N-Z1936 18%, E-V13 E-V13 9%
Orlovskaya oblast' RU-ORL 44 14 R-Y35 R1a-Y35 48%, R-M458 R1a-M458 11%, I-CTS10228 I2a-CTS10228 11%
Ul'yanovskaya oblast' RU-ULY 34 9 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 44%, R-U152 R1b-U152 9%, I-Z58 I1-Z58 9%
Permskiy kray RU-PER 34 7 N-M178 N1a-M178 18%, N-B523 N-P43 15%, R-M458 R1a-M458 15%
Tambovskaya oblast' RU-TAM 33 10 R-L23 R1b-L23 30%, R-Y35 R1a-Y35 18%, I-CTS10228 I2a-CTS10228 9%
Penzenskaya oblast' RU-PNZ 30 15 R-Z280 R1a-Z280 30%, R-M458 R1a-M458 10%, J-M304 J 10%
Belgorodskaya oblast' RU-BEL 29 8 R-Y35 R1a-Y35 41%, I-CTS10228 I2a-CTS10228 17%, R-M458 R1a-M458 10%
Voronezhskaya oblast' RU-VOR 28 22 R-CTS1211 R1a-CTS1211 21%, R-Z92 R1a-Z92 21%, N-M231 N 14%
Arkhangel'skaya oblast' RU-ARK 28 18 R-Y35 R1a-Y35 21%, N-Z1936 N-Z1936 14%, I-P215 I2 11%
Samaraskaya oblast' RU-SAM 27 16 R-Y35 R1a-Y35 33%, N-M178 N1a-M178 22%, R-Z92 R1a-Z92 15%
Lipetskaya oblast' RU-LIP 27 12 R-Y35 R1a-Y35 44%, R-Z92 R1a-Z92 15%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 11%
Smolenskaya oblast' RU-SMO 26 11 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 38%, R-U106 R1b-U106 12%, J-M304 J 12%
Sankt-Peterburg RU-SPE 25 21 R-Y35 R1a-Y35 24%, N-M178 N1a-M178 16%, R-M458 R1a-M458 12%
Vologodskaya oblast' RU-VLG 25 17 N-Z1936 N-Z1936 28%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 12%, R-Z280 R1a-Z280 12%
Krasnodarskiy kray RU-KDA 25 10 R-Z92 R1a-Z92 16%, R-Y35 R1a-Y35 12%, G-U1 G2a-U1 12%
Pskovskaya oblast' RU-PSK 24 13 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 38%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 21%, R-L23 R1b-L23 13%
Stavropol'skiy kray RU-STA 24 13 R-Z282 R1a-Z282 38%, I-CTS10228 I2a-CTS10228 21%, R-L51 R1b-L51 13%
Kaluzhskaya oblast' RU-KLU 22 6 R-Z280 R1a-Z280 45%, R-M458 R1a-M458 18%
Tverskaya oblast' RU-TVE 21 25 R-M458 R1a-M458 24%, R-Y35 R1a-Y35 19%, N-M178 N1a-M178 19%
Sverdlovskaya oblast' RU-SVE 21 13 R-L23 R1b-L23 14%, R-Y35 R1a-Y35 14%, J-M172 J2 14%
Kostromskaya oblast' RU-KOS 21 11 N-Z1936 N-Z1936 14%, R-Z280 R1a-Z280 14%, I-DF29 I1-DF29 14%
Yaroslavskaya oblast' RU-YAR 20 7 R-CTS1211 R1a-CTS1211 20%, I-Z59 I1-Z59 15%, N-M178 N1a-M178 15%
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Ukraine 12 1.8 6.6 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Jordan 6 0.34 17.4 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Finland 6 0.50 12.0 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Poland 6 2.0 3.0 unlikely by chance p = 0.013
YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. Y and mt pairs → n=649

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
R1a-Y35 U5a 10 11.3 0.89 could be chance p = 0.725
R1a-Y35 T1a 9 5.8 1.54 could be chance p = 0.105
R1a-Y35 T2b 9 9.0 1.00 could be chance p = 0.565
R1a-Y35 J1c 8 8.1 0.99 could be chance p = 0.584
R1a-M458 U5a 7 5.7 1.23 could be chance p = 0.340
R1a-Y35 H1b 7 6.5 1.07 could be chance p = 0.489
R1a-Y35 H2a 7 4.5 1.56 could be chance p = 0.139
R1a-M458 T2b 6 4.6 1.32 could be chance p = 0.299

Ancient relatives of male lines #

Which cultures of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) the local male lines lead to most closely. The share is how many kits lead to a culture; the range is in brackets.

Russia Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: 51.6% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian ≈ 2,000–2,600 BCE 52%? 48%
Russia Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1a: 27.9% R1a Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 13.4% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 9.6% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 3.0% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 1.9% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · N: 11.5% N Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: N → N 11.5% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1b: 5.5% R1b Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 4.0% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 1.3% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → BT 0.3% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I1: 2.0% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I1 → I1 2.0% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2a: 1.4% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2a → I2a 1.4% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · C2: 1.6% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: C2 → C2 1.6% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2b: 0.4% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 0.4% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2: 0.2% Seima-Turbino culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2 → I2 0.2% R1a 30% N 15% R1b 8% J1 6% J2a 5% E1b1b 5% I1 5% I2a 5% … 21%
Left: the major branches through which the lines lead to a culture; right: all major branches. Grey: the part of a branch without ancient relatives of this era.
How it is counted
  • Branches of the era. We take the ancient samples whose date falls inside the era, and compare the lines as they stood 1,500 years before the era ends.
  • A culture’s profile is the share of its lines on those branches. The number of samples does not change a weight: a culture of seven men weighs as much as one of a hundred and twenty.
  • A shallow test. An ancient man typed above the cut is spread over the branches under his node, by how many men each holds now. Today’s kits are treated the same way.
  • Who is admitted. A culture takes part when its sharply typed men cover 25% of the population on their own: branch by branch we add the smaller of the two shares, the culture’s and the population’s. One dug within 550 km needs only 0.5%.
  • The shares. We pick the weights of the cultures so that their mixture comes as close as it can to today’s set of branches.
  • Look-alike cultures. When cultures share almost all their branches, the data cannot say whose kin the men are. So we do not split the share between them: they get one bar.
  • The range. We recount everything on random subsets of the samples. In brackets are the bounds the share keeps in nine runs out of ten. A share that can fall below 5%, or below half of itself, is not shown at all.
  • “Fragile”: the share rests on a few samples, or a random shuffle of cultures gives as much.

What it does not mean. This is kinship of male lines, not the origin of a people. The female lines say nothing here. Who takes a test is a matter of chance, so the shares compare between countries, not with a census.

Other eras: Bronze and Iron Ages — Scythians 38%.

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 1,011 samples by Y-DNA and 232 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 208,050 BCE, DN2.

Yamnaya culture 85 · Khvalynsk culture 33 · Bronze Age Central Asian 30 · Bronze Age Steppe 28 · Srubnaya culture 26

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 7,200 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 2,821 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 1,508 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 770 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Russia: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/russian-federation/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.