ftdnastat Русский

Netherlands: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 2,311 kits with a Y-DNA result and 1,412 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are R1b-L51 — 48%, I1 — 18% and I2b — 6%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 45%, U — 14% and K1 — 8%. YFull has 270 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is broadly the same. The largest gap is R: 55% on FTDNA against 40% on YFull.

Compare with…
25.7
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 40 of 123 among countries. About 9.0 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
7.8
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 28 of 93 among countries. About 18 million people (UN, 2023)

Paternal line · Y-DNA

2,311 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
R
1,264 · 54.7% 28k years
R1b-L51
1,106 · 47.9% 6,100 years
U106
633 · 27.4% 5,000 years
L48
294 · 12.7% 4,500 years
Z9
219 · 9.5% 4,200 years
Z156
83 · 3.6% 4,600 years
Z18
70 · 3.0% 4,300 years
P312
366 · 15.8% 4,900 years
DF27
111 · 4.8% 4,700 years
Z195
73 · 3.2% 4,600 years
L21
99 · 4.3% 4,700 years
DF13
73 · 3.2% 4,600 years
U152
98 · 4.2% 4,700 years
L2
65 · 2.8% 4,600 years
R1a-M198
81 · 3.5% 8,500 years
I
609 · 26.4% 35k years
I1
425 · 18.4% 20k years
DF29
275 · 11.9% 4,500 years
Z58
161 · 7.0% 4,500 years
Z59
132 · 5.7% 4,300 years
I2
178 · 7.7% 25k years
I2b
144 · 6.2% 17k years
CTS616
112 · 4.8% 13k years
J
150 · 6.5% 30k years
J2
114 · 4.9% 28k years
J2a
76 · 3.3% 20k years
E
120 · 5.2% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
106 · 4.6% 25k years
G
103 · 4.5% 28k years
G2a
85 · 3.7% 19k years
other
65 · 2.8%

Among the rest: T 26, Q 22, N 6, H 5, F 4, O 1, L 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

1,412 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
635 · 45.0% 11k years
H1
226 · 16.0% 7,900 years
H1c
49 · 3.5% 5,300 years
H1a
46 · 3.3% 4,800 years
H3
67 · 4.7% 6,700 years
H5
57 · 4.0% 8,400 years
H5a
38 · 2.7% 7,700 years
H2a
37 · 2.6% 8,000 years
U
191 · 13.5% 51k years
U5a'b
120 · 8.5% 30k years
U5a
65 · 4.6% 21k years
U5a1
56 · 4.0% 13k years
U5b
55 · 3.9% 25k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
67 · 4.7% 50k years
U4
34 · 2.4% 22k years
T
150 · 10.6% 20k years
T2
107 · 7.6% 15k years
T2b
62 · 4.4% 8,500 years
T1a
43 · 3.0% 13k years
T1a1'3
37 · 2.6%
T1a1
34 · 2.4% 5,100 years
K
140 · 9.9% 29k years
K1
118 · 8.4% 23k years
K1a
85 · 6.0% 11k years
J
125 · 8.9% 35k years
J1
87 · 6.2% 28k years
J1c
73 · 5.2% 13k years
J2
38 · 2.7% 30k years
V
44 · 3.1% 7,500 years
I
34 · 2.4% 17k years
other
93 · 6.6%

Among the rest: W 24, HV 22, N 15, X 14, L 6, M 3, R 3, D 2, B 2, E 1, F 1.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Netherlands: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • R-Z9 R1b-Z9: 219 kits · 9.5% (95% confidence interval: 8–11%) (×3.5) 4,200 years
  • R-Z8: 110 kits · 4.8% (95% confidence interval: 4–6%) (×3.9) 3,000 years
  • R-Z2: 160 kits · 6.9% (95% confidence interval: 6–8%) (×3.6) 3,800 years
  • R-Z301: 360 kits · 15.6% (95% confidence interval: 14–17%) (×3.0) 4,600 years
  • R-Z31: 133 kits · 5.8% (95% confidence interval: 5–7%) (×3.6) 3,600 years
  • R-L48 R1b-L48: 294 kits · 12.7% (95% confidence interval: 11–14%) (×3.0) 4,500 years
  • I-Z2535: 48 kits · 2.1% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×4.3) 3,800 years
  • R-Z331: 57 kits · 2.5% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×3.8) 4,000 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

2–19%20–27%28–40%41–60%61–90%Netherlandsunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Germany 90%
  2. England 89%
  3. United Kingdom 87%
  4. Denmark 84%
  5. Belgium 83%
  6. France 82%
  7. United States 80%
  8. Switzerland 80%
  9. Canada 75%
  10. Wales 73%
  11. Scotland 72%
  12. Austria 70%
  13. Italy 68%
  14. Hungary 65%
  15. Portugal 65%
  16. Spain 64%
  17. Australia 64%
  18. Czech Republic 63%
  19. Luxembourg 62%
  20. Norway 62%
  21. Sweden 61%
  22. Northern Ireland 61%
  23. England (Cornish) 60%
  24. Poland 60%
  25. Brazil 59%
  26. Ireland 59%
  27. United States (Native American) 58%
  28. Romania 55%
  29. Puerto Rico 54%
  30. Slovakia 53%
  31. South Africa 53%
  32. Ukraine 50%
  33. Greece 50%
  34. Mexico 50%
  35. Slovenia 49%
  36. Cuba 49%
  37. New Zealand 48%
  38. Russia 47%
  39. Colombia 47%
  40. Bulgaria 45%
  41. Belarus 45%
  42. Lithuania 45%
  43. Latvia 43%
  44. Argentina 43%
  45. Chile 40%
  46. Italy (Sicily) 40%
  47. Jamaica 40%
  48. Croatia 38%
  49. Israel 38%
  50. Turkey 38%
  51. Dominican Republic 37%
  52. Serbia 36%
  53. Moldova 36%
  54. Lebanon 36%
  55. Iceland 34%
  56. Macedonia 33%
  57. Estonia 32%
  58. Iran 32%
  59. Peru 32%
  60. Albania 31%
  61. Armenia 31%
  62. Syria 30%
  63. Egypt 30%
  64. Azerbaijan 30%
  65. Iraq 29%
  66. Tatarstan 27%
  67. Morocco 27%
  68. Bosnia and Herzegovina 27%
  69. Georgia 26%
  70. Algeria 26%
  71. Isle of Man 26%
  72. Palestine 26%
  73. Finland 26%
  74. Bahrain 24%
  75. Tunisia 24%
  76. Uzbekistan 24%
  77. Jordan 23%
  78. Kuwait 23%
  79. Saudi Arabia 23%
  80. Montenegro 22%
  81. United Arab Emirates 22%
  82. Qatar 21%
  83. India 21%
  84. Kazakhstan 20%
  85. Afghanistan 20%
  86. Mordovia 20%
  87. Libya 20%
  88. Bashkortostan 20%
  89. Tajikistan 19%
  90. Dagestan 19%
  91. Adygea 17%
  92. Pakistan 17%
  93. Sudan 17%
  94. Chuvashia 17%
  95. Oman 17%
  96. Yemen 16%
  97. Sri Lanka 13%
  98. Chechnya 12%
  99. Philippines 9%
  100. Indonesia 8%
  101. Somalia 8%
  102. China 7%
  103. Cameroon 6%
  104. Nigeria 6%
  105. Ingushetia 6%
  106. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 6%
  107. Mongolia 5%
  108. Karelia 5%
  109. South Korea 3%
  110. Japan 3%
  111. Ghana 3%
  112. Vietnam 2%

Netherlands: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • H48: 14 kits · 1.0% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×11.0)
  • H18: 10 kits · 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×7.5)
  • H52: 14 kits · 1.0% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×6.5)
  • H23: 10 kits · 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×3.5)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

1–30%31–50%51–71%72–82%83–91%Netherlandsunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Germany 91%
  2. England 91%
  3. United Kingdom 90%
  4. Scotland 87%
  5. United States 87%
  6. Sweden 87%
  7. Switzerland 86%
  8. Ireland 86%
  9. France 86%
  10. Norway 85%
  11. Denmark 85%
  12. Belgium 85%
  13. Wales 84%
  14. Poland 83%
  15. Czech Republic 82%
  16. Austria 81%
  17. Canada 81%
  18. Russia 80%
  19. Hungary 80%
  20. Northern Ireland 80%
  21. Slovakia 77%
  22. Ukraine 76%
  23. Italy 76%
  24. Estonia 74%
  25. Portugal 73%
  26. Slovenia 72%
  27. Australia 72%
  28. Finland 72%
  29. Lithuania 71%
  30. Romania 71%
  31. Croatia 70%
  32. Latvia 68%
  33. Bulgaria 68%
  34. Serbia 67%
  35. Spain 67%
  36. Belarus 66%
  37. Greece 65%
  38. United States (Native American) 64%
  39. Bosnia and Herzegovina 60%
  40. Moldova 58%
  41. Turkey 54%
  42. Algeria 53%
  43. Chechnya 50%
  44. Armenia 49%
  45. Syria 48%
  46. New Zealand 47%
  47. Israel 46%
  48. Morocco 46%
  49. Lebanon 45%
  50. South Africa 41%
  51. Egypt 37%
  52. Iraq 37%
  53. Cuba 36%
  54. Iran 36%
  55. Brazil 34%
  56. Saudi Arabia 33%
  57. United Arab Emirates 30%
  58. Kuwait 27%
  59. Argentina 23%
  60. Mexico 20%
  61. Dominican Republic 20%
  62. India 18%
  63. Puerto Rico 17%
  64. Canada (First Nations) 14%
  65. China 8%
  66. Jamaica 7%
  67. Chile 7%
  68. Colombia 4%
  69. Japan 3%
  70. Philippines 1%
  71. South Korea 1%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

2,311
FTDNA
kits
270
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
R R-M207
54.7% · 39.6%−15.1
R1b-L51 R-L51
47.9% · 35.2%−12.7
U106 R-U106
27.4% · 17.0%−10.4
P312 R-P312
15.8% · 16.3%+0.5
R1a-M198 R-M198
3.5% · 4.1%+0.6
I I-L758
26.4% · 30.7%+4.4
I1 I-M253
18.4% · 21.1%+2.7
DF29 I-DF29
11.9% · 20.0%+8.1
I2 I-P215
7.7% · 9.6%+1.9
I2b I-M223
6.2% · 7.0%+0.8
J J-M304
6.5% · 11.9%+5.4
J2 J-M172
4.9% · 8.9%+4
J2a J-M410
3.3% · 7.8%+4.5
E E-M96
5.2% · 5.6%+0.4
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
4.6% · 5.6%+1
G G-M201
4.5% · 8.9%+4.4
G2a G-P15
3.7% · 8.9%+5.2

mtDNA

1,412
FTDNA
kits
113
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
45.0% · 46.9%+1.9
H1
16.0% · 15.9%−0.1
H1c
3.5% · 3.5%+0.1
H1a
3.3% · 4.4%+1.2
H3
4.7% · 3.5%−1.2
H5
4.0% · 5.3%+1.3
H5a
2.7% · 1.8%−0.9
H2a
2.6% · 3.5%+0.9
U
13.5% · 14.2%+0.6
U5a'b
8.5% · 9.7%+1.2
U5a
4.6% · 1.8%−2.8
U5b
3.9% · 8.0%+4.1
U2'3'4'7'8'9
4.7% · 4.4%−0.3
U4
2.4% · 0.9%−1.5
T
10.6% · 5.3%−5.3
T2
7.6% · 4.4%−3.2
T2b
4.4% · 2.7%−1.7
T1a
3.0% · 0.9%−2.2
T1a1'3
2.6% · 0.9%−1.7
K
9.9% · 12.4%+2.5
K1
8.4% · 9.7%+1.4
K1a
6.0% · 8.0%+1.9
J
8.9% · 5.3%−3.5
J1
6.2% · 2.7%−3.5
J1c
5.2% · 0.9%−4.3
J2
2.7% · 2.7%0
V
3.1% · 1.8%−1.3
I
2.4% · 3.5%+1.1

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 2,311 · Projects 747

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
R R-M207
54.7% · 53.7%−1
R1b-L51 R-L51
47.9% · 36.9%−10.9
U106 R-U106
27.4% · 20.2%−7.2
L48 R-L48
12.7% · 9.5%−3.2
Z9 R-Z9
9.5% · 7.1%−2.4
P312 R-P312
15.8% · 14.2%−1.6
I I-L758
26.4% · 27.2%+0.8
I1 I-M253
18.4% · 17.1%−1.3
DF29 I-DF29
11.9% · 11.5%−0.4
Z58 I-Z58
7.0% · 6.2%−0.8
Z59 I-Z59
5.7% · 5.0%−0.8
I2 I-P215
7.7% · 7.4%−0.3
I2b I-M223
6.2% · 6.0%−0.2
J J-M304
6.5% · 6.0%−0.5

mtDNA FTDNA 1,412 · Projects 372

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
45.0% · 44.9%−0.1
H1
16.0% · 12.9%−3.1
H3
4.7% · 4.8%+0.1
U
13.5% · 12.4%−1.2
U5a'b
8.5% · 5.1%−3.4
U2'3'4'7'8'9
4.7% · 6.2%+1.4
T
10.6% · 13.4%+2.8
T2
7.6% · 8.9%+1.3
K
9.9% · 9.1%−0.8
K1
8.4% · 4.8%−3.5
K1a
6.0% · 3.0%−3.1
J
8.9% · 9.1%+0.3
J1
6.2% · 4.8%−1.3
J1c
5.2% · 3.5%−1.7
767
Y-DNA · People on the map
747 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 746 such votes
79%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
372
mtDNA · People on the map
372 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 370 such votes
81%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
R-M207 −15.1
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 54.7%, YFull 39.6%
21% / 19%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 36.4 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 32.9
19%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
32%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
41%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.61
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+7
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+2
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+1
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+3
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading
Zuid-Holland NL-ZH 53 22 I-Z59 I1-Z59 38%, R-U106 R1b-U106 13%, R-P312 R1b-P312 9%
Noord-Brabant NL-NB 45 7 J-M410 J2a 20%, G-P15 G2a 20%, R-P312 R1b-P312 16%
Noord-Holland NL-NH 26 13 I-DF29 I1-DF29 15%, J-M172 J2 15%, R-L48 R1b-L48 12%
Gelderland NL-GE 23 11 R-P312 R1b-P312 22%, I-Z59 I1-Z59 13%
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
United States 6 1.9 3.2 unlikely by chance p = 0.009

Ancient relatives of male lines #

Which cultures of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) the local male lines lead to most closely. The share is how many kits lead to a culture; the range is in brackets.

Netherlands Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: 74.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian ≈ 2,200–2,300 BCE 74%? 26%
Netherlands Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1b: 50.0% R1b Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 36.0% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 14.0% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I1: 14.7% I1 Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I1 → I1 14.7% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2b: 4.0% I2b Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 3.2% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 0.8% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1a: 3.6% R1a Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 3.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 0.2% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · G2a: 0.8% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: G2a → G2a 0.8% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2: 0.6% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2 → I2 0.6% R1b 51% I1 18% I2b 6% E1b1b 5% R1a 4% G2a 4% J2a 3% … 7%
Left: the major branches through which the lines lead to a culture; right: all major branches. Grey: the part of a branch without ancient relatives of this era.
How it is counted
  • Branches of the era. We take the ancient samples whose date falls inside the era, and compare the lines as they stood 1,500 years before the era ends.
  • A culture’s profile is the share of its lines on those branches. The number of samples does not change a weight: a culture of seven men weighs as much as one of a hundred and twenty.
  • A shallow test. An ancient man typed above the cut is spread over the branches under his node, by how many men each holds now. Today’s kits are treated the same way.
  • Who is admitted. A culture takes part when its sharply typed men cover 25% of the population on their own: branch by branch we add the smaller of the two shares, the culture’s and the population’s. One dug within 550 km needs only 0.5%.
  • The shares. We pick the weights of the cultures so that their mixture comes as close as it can to today’s set of branches.
  • Look-alike cultures. When cultures share almost all their branches, the data cannot say whose kin the men are. So we do not split the share between them: they get one bar.
  • The range. We recount everything on random subsets of the samples. In brackets are the bounds the share keeps in nine runs out of ten. A share that can fall below 5%, or below half of itself, is not shown at all.
  • “Fragile”: the share rests on a few samples, or a random shuffle of cultures gives as much.

What it does not mean. This is kinship of male lines, not the origin of a people. The female lines say nothing here. Who takes a test is a matter of chance, so the shares compare between countries, not with a census.

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 68 samples by Y-DNA and 62 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 7,388 BCE, Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer.

Iron Age Low Countries 24 · Germanic 12 · Bell Beaker culture 11 · Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer 5 · Frisians 5

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 2,311 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 1,412 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 270 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 113 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Netherlands: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/netherlands/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.