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Saudi Arabia: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 12,049 kits with a Y-DNA result and 816 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are J1-FGC11 — 40%, E1b1b-M35 — 10% and J2a — 9%. On the maternal line the most common are R0a — 17%, J1 — 15% and H — 10%. YFull has 7,164 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is almost the same. The largest gap is J1-P58: 47% on FTDNA against 55% on YFull.

Compare with…
59.7
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 17 of 123 among countries. About 20 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
2.5
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 53 of 93 among countries. About 33 million people (UN, 2023)

Mitotree, the mt tree of FTDNA Discover, has about 58 more samples from here that the public mt tree lacks: mostly academic studies, GenBank among them (copy of 11 November 2026). This page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Paternal line · Y-DNA

12,049 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
J
7,879 · 65.4% 30k years
J1
6,481 · 53.8% 19k years
P58
5,708 · 47.4% 9,800 years
L858
5,302 · 44.0% 4,900 years
FGC11
4,832 · 40.1% 4,800 years
FGC1707
2,655 · 22.0% 2,700 years
L859
244 · 2.0% 1,500 years
Z640
334 · 2.8% 4,300 years
J2
1,380 · 11.5% 28k years
J2a
1,125 · 9.3% 20k years
Z2222
758 · 6.3% 16k years
L25
474 · 3.9% 8,800 years
E
1,846 · 15.3% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
1,236 · 10.3% 25k years
E-Z830
782 · 6.5% 20k years
M34
539 · 4.5% 15k years
M84
512 · 4.2% 9,500 years
E-M78
319 · 2.6% 15k years
V12
202 · 1.7% 11k years
V38
518 · 4.3% 41k years
M2 (E1b1a)
482 · 4.0% 18k years
U175
207 · 1.7% 8,800 years
R
668 · 5.5% 28k years
R1a-M198
329 · 2.7% 8,500 years
Z93
268 · 2.2% 4,700 years
T
498 · 4.1% 28k years
G
391 · 3.2% 28k years
G2a
287 · 2.4% 19k years
P303
229 · 1.9% 12k years
B
252 · 2.1% 86k years
other
515 · 4.3%

Among the rest: A 167, L 137, Q 75, H 56, C 37, O 28, I 7, D 4, F 3, K 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

816 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
J
160 · 19.6% 35k years
J1
122 · 15.0% 28k years
J1b
77 · 9.4% 19k years
J1b2
57 · 7.0% 7,200 years
J1d1a1
32 · 3.9% 5,900 years
J2
38 · 4.7% 30k years
J2a2
34 · 4.2% 18k years
R
150 · 18.4% 58k years
R0a
142 · 17.4% 28k years
R0a2
79 · 9.7% 13k years
R0a2c
53 · 6.5% 10,000 years
R0a1
63 · 7.7% 17k years
R0a1a
55 · 6.7% 8,600 years
L2'3'4'5'6'7
93 · 11.4%
L2'3'4'6
86 · 10.5% 97k years
L3'4
50 · 6.1% 80k years
L3
35 · 4.3% 66k years
L2a1
32 · 3.9% 15k years
H
82 · 10.0% 11k years
U
77 · 9.4% 51k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
56 · 6.9% 50k years
T
61 · 7.5% 20k years
T2
36 · 4.4% 15k years
T1
25 · 3.1% 15k years
M
46 · 5.6% 53k years
N
34 · 4.2% 59k years
N1
30 · 3.7% 51k years
K1
31 · 3.8% 23k years
K1a
23 · 2.8% 11k years
HV
27 · 3.3% 13k years
other
55 · 6.7%

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Saudi Arabia: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • J-FGC1695: 4,224 kits · 35.1% (95% confidence interval: 34–36%) (×12.2) 3,200 years
  • J-FGC23310: 2,076 kits · 17.2% (95% confidence interval: 17–18%) (×12.9) 2,100 years
  • J-FGC7: 745 kits · 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 6–7%) (×14.7) 2,000 years
  • J-FGC1721: 2,460 kits · 20.4% (95% confidence interval: 20–21%) (×11.8) 2,200 years
  • J-FGC4422: 671 kits · 5.6% (95% confidence interval: 5–6%) (×10.6) 3,100 years
  • J-M267 J1: 6,481 kits · 53.8% (95% confidence interval: 53–55%) (×7.7) 19k years
  • J-FGC2: 514 kits · 4.3% (95% confidence interval: 4–5%) (×10.5) 1,500 years
  • J-FGC1: 637 kits · 5.3% (95% confidence interval: 5–6%) (×9.9) 1,800 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

2–12%13–20%21–30%31–43%44–93%Saudi Arabiaunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Kuwait 93%
  2. Qatar 84%
  3. Iraq 80%
  4. Bahrain 79%
  5. Syria 78%
  6. Yemen 74%
  7. Egypt 71%
  8. Jordan 70%
  9. Palestine 70%
  10. United Arab Emirates 69%
  11. Oman 67%
  12. Sudan 67%
  13. Lebanon 65%
  14. Iran 64%
  15. Tunisia 61%
  16. Algeria 60%
  17. Turkey 56%
  18. Morocco 53%
  19. Azerbaijan 53%
  20. Israel 52%
  21. Armenia 45%
  22. Greece 45%
  23. Libya 43%
  24. Tajikistan 43%
  25. Romania 42%
  26. Italy 42%
  27. Uzbekistan 39%
  28. Belarus 38%
  29. Pakistan 38%
  30. Ukraine 37%
  31. Lithuania 36%
  32. Georgia 35%
  33. Spain 35%
  34. Afghanistan 35%
  35. Hungary 35%
  36. Russia 34%
  37. Italy (Sicily) 34%
  38. Moldova 34%
  39. India 33%
  40. Portugal 33%
  41. Austria 33%
  42. Brazil 32%
  43. Latvia 31%
  44. Bulgaria 31%
  45. Poland 30%
  46. Dagestan 29%
  47. Somalia 29%
  48. Mexico 29%
  49. Kazakhstan 29%
  50. Puerto Rico 28%
  51. Slovakia 26%
  52. Colombia 26%
  53. Cuba 25%
  54. Macedonia 25%
  55. Sri Lanka 25%
  56. Germany 24%
  57. Dominican Republic 24%
  58. Switzerland 24%
  59. Jamaica 23%
  60. France 23%
  61. Adygea 23%
  62. Netherlands 23%
  63. South Africa 23%
  64. Czech Republic 22%
  65. Belgium 21%
  66. Chechnya 21%
  67. Chile 20%
  68. Cameroon 20%
  69. Albania 20%
  70. United States 20%
  71. United States (Native American) 19%
  72. Serbia 18%
  73. Bashkortostan 18%
  74. Argentina 18%
  75. Peru 17%
  76. Croatia 17%
  77. United Kingdom 17%
  78. Nigeria 16%
  79. England 16%
  80. Ghana 16%
  81. Luxembourg 16%
  82. Tatarstan 15%
  83. Canada 14%
  84. China 14%
  85. Slovenia 13%
  86. Ingushetia 13%
  87. Denmark 13%
  88. Australia 13%
  89. Bosnia and Herzegovina 13%
  90. Scotland 12%
  91. Indonesia 12%
  92. Montenegro 12%
  93. Wales 12%
  94. Chuvashia 11%
  95. Mongolia 10%
  96. Ireland 10%
  97. Mordovia 10%
  98. Philippines 9%
  99. New Zealand 9%
  100. Northern Ireland 8%
  101. Sweden 8%
  102. Norway 8%
  103. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 7%
  104. Japan 6%
  105. South Korea 5%
  106. England (Cornish) 4%
  107. Iceland 4%
  108. Estonia 4%
  109. Karelia 3%
  110. Finland 3%
  111. Vietnam 3%
  112. Isle of Man 2%

Saudi Arabia: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • J1: 10 kits · 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×103.7)
  • R0a: 142 kits · 17.4% (95% confidence interval: 15–20%) (×46.7)
  • J1d: 34 kits · 4.2% (95% confidence interval: 3–6%) (×38.1)
  • T1b: 15 kits · 1.8% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×20.7)
  • M1a: 23 kits · 2.8% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×17.3)
  • X2: 11 kits · 1.3% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×14.3)
  • J1b: 77 kits · 9.4% (95% confidence interval: 8–12%) (×7.8)
  • U7a: 13 kits · 1.6% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×12.4)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–26%27–31%32–35%36–39%40–76%Saudi Arabiaunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Kuwait 76%
  2. United Arab Emirates 67%
  3. Iraq 60%
  4. Syria 57%
  5. Egypt 54%
  6. Turkey 53%
  7. Iran 52%
  8. Italy 50%
  9. Lebanon 49%
  10. Armenia 47%
  11. Algeria 44%
  12. Israel 44%
  13. Portugal 41%
  14. Greece 40%
  15. Belarus 39%
  16. Morocco 39%
  17. Spain 39%
  18. United States 39%
  19. Poland 38%
  20. Russia 37%
  21. Bulgaria 37%
  22. Chechnya 37%
  23. Ukraine 36%
  24. France 36%
  25. Romania 36%
  26. Austria 36%
  27. Hungary 36%
  28. Lithuania 36%
  29. Germany 35%
  30. Bosnia and Herzegovina 35%
  31. Switzerland 35%
  32. Czech Republic 35%
  33. United States (Native American) 35%
  34. Belgium 34%
  35. Netherlands 33%
  36. Latvia 33%
  37. United Kingdom 33%
  38. England 33%
  39. Slovakia 33%
  40. Scotland 33%
  41. Sweden 33%
  42. Wales 32%
  43. Northern Ireland 31%
  44. Dominican Republic 31%
  45. Ireland 31%
  46. Norway 31%
  47. Cuba 31%
  48. Denmark 31%
  49. Slovenia 31%
  50. Brazil 30%
  51. South Africa 30%
  52. Canada 30%
  53. Moldova 30%
  54. Croatia 29%
  55. India 29%
  56. Serbia 28%
  57. Estonia 26%
  58. Australia 25%
  59. Jamaica 24%
  60. Puerto Rico 22%
  61. Finland 21%
  62. New Zealand 18%
  63. Mexico 18%
  64. Colombia 11%
  65. Argentina 11%
  66. China 5%
  67. Canada (First Nations) 5%
  68. Chile 5%
  69. Japan 1%
  70. Philippines 0%
  71. South Korea 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

12,049
FTDNA
kits
7,164
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
J J-M304
65.4% · 66.7%+1.3
J1 J-M267
53.8% · 55.5%+1.7
P58 J-P58
47.4% · 54.5%+7.1
J2 J-M172
11.5% · 11.2%−0.3
J2a J-M410
9.3% · 10.4%+1.1
E E-M96
15.3% · 16.9%+1.6
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
10.3% · 13.6%+3.3
E-Z830 E-CTS10298
6.5% · 9.5%+3
E-M78
2.6% · 3.3%+0.7
V38 E-V38
4.3% · 2.8%−1.5
M2 (E1b1a) E-M2
4.0% · 2.5%−1.5
R R-M207
5.5% · 4.0%−1.5
R1a-M198 R-M198
2.7% · 1.8%−0.9
Z93 R-Z93
2.2% · 1.7%−0.5
T T-M184
4.1% · 5.1%+1
G G-M201
3.2% · 3.0%−0.3
G2a G-P15
2.4% · 2.5%+0.1
P303 G-P303
1.9% · 2.0%+0.1
B B-M181
2.1% · 1.2%−0.9

mtDNA

816
FTDNA
kits
316
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
J
19.6% · 23.4%+3.8
J1
15.0% · 15.2%+0.2
J1b
9.4% · 9.8%+0.4
J1d1a1
3.9% · 4.1%+0.2
J2
4.7% · 8.2%+3.6
J2a2
4.2% · 8.2%+4.1
R
18.4% · 14.6%−3.8
R0a
17.4% · 13.9%−3.5
R0a2
9.7% · 7.0%−2.7
R0a1
7.7% · 7.0%−0.8
L2'3'4'5'6'7
11.4% · 7.9%−3.5
L2'3'4'6
10.5% · 7.6%−2.9
L3'4
6.1% · 4.7%−1.4
L2a1
3.9% · 2.2%−1.7
H
10.0% · 9.8%−0.2
U
9.4% · 11.1%+1.6
U2'3'4'7'8'9
6.9% · 9.2%+2.3
T
7.5% · 6.6%−0.8
T2
4.4% · 6.0%+1.6
T1
3.1% · 0.6%−2.4
M
5.6% · 5.4%−0.3
N
4.2% · 6.6%+2.5
N1
3.7% · 5.7%+2
K1
3.8% · 3.5%−0.3
K1a
2.8% · 2.5%−0.3
HV
3.3% · 3.2%−0.1

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 12,049 · Projects 2,154

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
J J-M304
65.4% · 55.6%−9.8
J1 J-M267
53.8% · 40.7%−13.1
P58 J-P58
47.4% · 30.1%−17.3
L858 J-L858
44.0% · 24.9%−19.1
FGC11 J-FGC11
40.1% · 21.4%−18.7
FGC1707 J-FGC1707
22.0% · 11.7%−10.4
J2 J-M172
11.5% · 14.9%+3.4
J2a J-M410
9.3% · 10.3%+1
Z2222 J-PF5160
6.3% · 6.7%+0.4
E E-M96
15.3% · 17.2%+1.9
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
10.3% · 9.9%−0.4
E-Z830 E-CTS10298
6.5% · 4.8%−1.7
M34 E-M34
4.5% · 3.5%−0.9
R R-M207
5.5% · 7.6%+2

mtDNA FTDNA 816 · Projects 144

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
J
19.6% · 20.8%+1.2
J1
15.0% · 15.3%+0.3
J1b
9.4% · 9.0%−0.4
J1b2
7.0% · 6.3%−0.7
R
18.4% · 13.2%−5.2
R0a
17.4% · 13.2%−4.2
R0a2
9.7% · 5.6%−4.1
R0a1
7.7% · 7.6%−0.1
L2'3'4'5'6'7
11.4% · 6.9%−4.5
L2'3'4'6
10.5% · 6.9%−3.6
H
10.0% · 13.2%+3.1
U
9.4% · 12.5%+3.1
U2'3'4'7'8'9
6.9% · 7.6%+0.8
T
7.5% · 6.9%−0.5
2,209
Y-DNA · People on the map
2,154 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 1,966 such votes
87%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
144
mtDNA · People on the map
144 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 144 such votes
97%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
J-P58 +7.1
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 47.4%, YFull 54.5%
44% / 41%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 40.1 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 35.5
41%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
65%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
36%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.07
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+75
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+9
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+88
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+3
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. Similar regions are those with nearly the same mix of major paternal branches: similarity of 80% or more, both regions with 150+ Y samples. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading Similar regions
Ar Riyad SA-01 2,129 66 J-FGC1707 J1-FGC1707 38%, E-M35 E1b1b-M35 14%, J-PF5160 J2a-Z2222 9% Al Kuwayt (Al Asimah) — 93% similar; Ash Sharqiyah — 93% similar; Makkah — 80% similar
Ash Sharqiyah SA-04 1,083 49 J-L858 J1-L858 38%, J-M410 J2a 22%, T-M184 T 9% Al Kuwayt (Al Asimah) — 95% similar; Ar Riyad — 93% similar; Makkah — 81% similar
Makkah SA-02 906 59 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 49%, E-M35 E1b1b-M35 21%, J-M410 J2a 5% Al Madinah — 86% similar; Ash Sharqiyah — 81% similar; Ar Riyad — 80% similar
Al Qasim SA-05 608 17 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 49%, J-M410 J2a 19%, E-L795 E-M84 12% ·
Jizan SA-09 325 7 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 61%, E-M35 E1b1b-M35 8%, J-Z640 J1-Z640 3% ·
`Asir SA-14 324 16 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 61%, J-Z640 J1-Z640 11%, J-L25 J2a-L25 8% ·
Al Madinah SA-03 323 30 E-M35 E1b1b-M35 40%, J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 32%, J-M172 J2 6% Makkah — 86% similar
Al Bahah SA-11 305 8 J-P58 J1-P58 91%, E-L795 E-M84 3%, J-L25 J2a-L25 2% ·
Ha'il SA-06 196 13 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 44%, G-CTS342 G2a-CTS342 24%, E-M35 E1b1b-M35 14% ·
Al Jawf SA-12 148 3 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 76%, G-CTS342 G2a-CTS342 10%, J-PF5160 J2a-Z2222 3% ·
Tabuk SA-07 91 3 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 24%, E-L795 E-M84 12%, L-M27 L-M27 11% ·
Najran SA-10 81 3 J-P58 J1-P58 90%, J-L25 J2a-L25 4% ·
Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah SA-08 37 2 J-FGC1707 J1-FGC1707 32%, E-M96 E 8% ·
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Kuwait 212 43.2 4.9 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Bahrain 46 16.8 2.7 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Iraq 40 11.8 3.4 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Qatar 35 17.4 2.0 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Yemen 21 5.3 4.0 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Syria 9 3.9 2.3 unlikely by chance p = 0.013
YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. Y and mt pairs → n=797

Notably above chance

Y × mt: line combinations · Notably above chance
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
J1-FGC11 H6b 14 4.5 3.09 unlikely by chance p < 0.001

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
J1-FGC1707 R0a 63 56.5 1.11 could be chance p = 0.125
J1-FGC1707 J1b 39 36.7 1.06 could be chance p = 0.336
J1-FGC11 R0a 27 25.8 1.05 could be chance p = 0.427
J1-FGC1707 J2a 23 21.6 1.07 could be chance p = 0.391
J1-FGC11 J1b 22 16.7 1.31 could be chance p = 0.088
J1-FGC1707 N1a 21 14.2 1.47 could be chance p = 0.013
J1-FGC1707 J1d 15 13.8 1.09 could be chance p = 0.398
J1-FGC1707 L2a 15 12.1 1.24 could be chance p = 0.174

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 12,049 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 816 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 7,164 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 316 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Saudi Arabia: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/saudi-arabia/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.