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Brazil: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 735 kits with a Y-DNA result and 452 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are R1b-L51 — 45%, E1b1b-M35 — 13% and J2 — 9%. On the maternal line the most common are B2 — 14%, H — 12% and L3 — 10%. YFull has 127 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is broadly the same. The largest gap is J: 13% on FTDNA against 22% on YFull.

Compare with…
0.7
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 109 of 123 among countries. About 104 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
0.2
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 83 of 93 among countries. About 211 million people (UN, 2023)

FTDNA Discover holds about 46 more samples here that are not in the public tree, mostly from academic studies (estimate from the copy of 13 November 2026); this page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Mitotree, the mt tree of FTDNA Discover, has about 160 more samples from here that the public mt tree lacks: mostly academic studies, GenBank among them (copy of 11 November 2026). This page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Paternal line · Y-DNA

735 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
R
364 · 49.5% 28k years
R1b-L23
338 · 46.0% 6,400 years
L51
330 · 44.9% 6,100 years
P312
230 · 31.3% 4,900 years
DF27
151 · 20.5% 4,700 years
Z195
52 · 7.1% 4,600 years
L21
46 · 6.3% 4,700 years
DF13
32 · 4.4% 4,600 years
U152
30 · 4.1% 4,700 years
U106
32 · 4.4% 5,000 years
E
115 · 15.6% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
95 · 12.9% 25k years
E-M81
43 · 5.9% 4,500 years
PF2546
33 · 4.5% 2,400 years
E-M78
36 · 4.9% 15k years
V13
26 · 3.5% 5,200 years
J
99 · 13.5% 30k years
J2
68 · 9.3% 28k years
J2a
50 · 6.8% 20k years
J1
29 · 3.9% 19k years
L620
26 · 3.5% 15k years
P58
23 · 3.1% 9,800 years
I
73 · 9.9% 35k years
I2
44 · 6.0% 25k years
I2b
26 · 3.5% 17k years
I1
29 · 3.9% 20k years
DF29
25 · 3.4% 4,500 years
G
39 · 5.3% 28k years
G2a
35 · 4.8% 19k years
Q
24 · 3.3% 30k years
other
21 · 2.9%

Among the rest: T 13, B 4, L 3, D 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

452 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
L1'2'3'4'5'6'7
130 · 28.8%
L2'3'4'6
93 · 20.6% 97k years
L3
47 · 10.4% 66k years
L3e
29 · 6.4% 36k years
L3e1
12 · 2.7% 15k years
L3e2b
11 · 2.4% 7,700 years
L2a'b'c'd
44 · 9.7% 82k years
L2a1
36 · 8.0% 15k years
L2a1-G143A
19 · 4.2%
L1
37 · 8.2% 111k years
L1c
30 · 6.6% 79k years
L1c1'2'4'6
22 · 4.9%
L1c2
12 · 2.7% 39k years
L1c1a'b'd
9 · 2.0% 63k years
B2
65 · 14.4% 18k years
C1
59 · 13.1% 24k years
C1b
35 · 7.7% 19k years
C1d1
19 · 4.2% 17k years
H
53 · 11.7% 11k years
H1
23 · 5.1% 7,900 years
H3
10 · 2.2% 6,700 years
A2
45 · 10.0% 17k years
A2-x
19 · 4.2%
A2ah
12 · 2.7% 11k years
U
19 · 4.2% 51k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
10 · 2.2% 50k years
D4
16 · 3.5% 22k years
D1
13 · 2.9% 21k years
T
16 · 3.5% 20k years
T2
12 · 2.7% 15k years
other
49 · 10.8%

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Brazil: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • E-M81 E-M81: 43 kits · 5.9% (95% confidence interval: 4–8%) (×10.7) 4,500 years
  • E-PF2546 E-PF2546: 33 kits · 4.5% (95% confidence interval: 3–6%) (×11.1) 2,400 years
  • R-ZZ12_1: 98 kits · 13.3% (95% confidence interval: 11–16%) (×6.5) 4,600 years
  • R-DF27 R1b-DF27: 151 kits · 20.5% (95% confidence interval: 18–24%) (×4.4) 4,700 years
  • Q-M3 Q-M3: 19 kits · 2.6% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×5.2) 14k years
  • E-Z827: 55 kits · 7.5% (95% confidence interval: 6–10%) (×3.5) 25k years
  • R-FTT1: 30 kits · 4.1% (95% confidence interval: 3–6%) (×3.7) 4,600 years
  • R-Z209: 27 kits · 3.7% (95% confidence interval: 3–5%) (×3.3) 4,300 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

2–20%21–33%34–44%45–54%55–87%Brazilunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Portugal 87%
  2. Spain 82%
  3. Puerto Rico 76%
  4. Mexico 75%
  5. Colombia 75%
  6. France 75%
  7. Cuba 73%
  8. Italy 69%
  9. Chile 68%
  10. Belgium 66%
  11. United States 65%
  12. Switzerland 65%
  13. Germany 64%
  14. Argentina 64%
  15. Canada 63%
  16. England 63%
  17. United Kingdom 62%
  18. Dominican Republic 60%
  19. Netherlands 59%
  20. Austria 58%
  21. United States (Native American) 58%
  22. Wales 56%
  23. Hungary 54%
  24. Greece 54%
  25. Luxembourg 54%
  26. Romania 53%
  27. Peru 52%
  28. Scotland 52%
  29. England (Cornish) 51%
  30. Czech Republic 51%
  31. Australia 50%
  32. South Africa 49%
  33. Poland 48%
  34. Morocco 47%
  35. Denmark 47%
  36. Ireland 47%
  37. Northern Ireland 47%
  38. Italy (Sicily) 47%
  39. Ukraine 46%
  40. Bulgaria 45%
  41. Slovakia 45%
  42. Belarus 44%
  43. Turkey 44%
  44. Lebanon 44%
  45. Algeria 44%
  46. Israel 43%
  47. Tunisia 43%
  48. Egypt 42%
  49. Slovenia 42%
  50. Lithuania 41%
  51. Russia 40%
  52. Syria 39%
  53. Jamaica 39%
  54. Moldova 39%
  55. Armenia 39%
  56. Palestine 38%
  57. Iraq 38%
  58. New Zealand 38%
  59. Latvia 37%
  60. Iran 37%
  61. Bahrain 37%
  62. Azerbaijan 36%
  63. Macedonia 35%
  64. Libya 35%
  65. Serbia 34%
  66. Kuwait 34%
  67. Albania 34%
  68. Croatia 33%
  69. Norway 33%
  70. United Arab Emirates 33%
  71. Sweden 33%
  72. Saudi Arabia 32%
  73. Qatar 32%
  74. Jordan 30%
  75. Georgia 29%
  76. Tatarstan 27%
  77. Montenegro 24%
  78. Oman 24%
  79. Bosnia and Herzegovina 24%
  80. Uzbekistan 24%
  81. Sudan 24%
  82. Dagestan 23%
  83. Tajikistan 23%
  84. Yemen 22%
  85. Bashkortostan 22%
  86. Adygea 21%
  87. Kazakhstan 21%
  88. Isle of Man 21%
  89. Afghanistan 21%
  90. Chuvashia 20%
  91. India 19%
  92. Mordovia 19%
  93. Iceland 19%
  94. Pakistan 18%
  95. Estonia 16%
  96. Chechnya 14%
  97. Finland 13%
  98. Nigeria 12%
  99. Sri Lanka 12%
  100. Somalia 11%
  101. Philippines 11%
  102. Ghana 10%
  103. Cameroon 10%
  104. Ingushetia 9%
  105. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 9%
  106. Indonesia 6%
  107. China 6%
  108. Mongolia 4%
  109. Vietnam 3%
  110. South Korea 3%
  111. Japan 2%
  112. Karelia 2%

Brazil: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • B2: 43 kits · 9.5% (95% confidence interval: 7–13%) (×38.3)
  • C1d: 19 kits · 4.2% (95% confidence interval: 3–6%) (×42.8)
  • L1c: 30 kits · 6.6% (95% confidence interval: 5–9%) (×26.4)
  • A2: 26 kits · 5.8% (95% confidence interval: 4–8%) (×16.8)
  • C1b: 35 kits · 7.7% (95% confidence interval: 6–11%) (×14.9)
  • B2b: 10 kits · 2.2% (95% confidence interval: 1–4%) (×22.3)
  • A2a: 18 kits · 4.0% (95% confidence interval: 3–6%) (×17.5)
  • D1: 11 kits · 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 1–4%) (×19.0)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–26%27–33%34–36%37–43%44–71%Brazilunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Cuba 71%
  2. Dominican Republic 68%
  3. United States (Native American) 67%
  4. Spain 60%
  5. Puerto Rico 58%
  6. Argentina 56%
  7. Mexico 54%
  8. Portugal 53%
  9. Colombia 53%
  10. Israel 50%
  11. United States 50%
  12. Jamaica 49%
  13. Chile 46%
  14. South Africa 43%
  15. Canada 43%
  16. Morocco 43%
  17. Algeria 42%
  18. Egypt 41%
  19. Syria 40%
  20. Canada (First Nations) 40%
  21. France 39%
  22. Italy 38%
  23. United Kingdom 37%
  24. England 37%
  25. Germany 37%
  26. Scotland 37%
  27. Austria 36%
  28. Wales 36%
  29. Ireland 36%
  30. Switzerland 36%
  31. Sweden 35%
  32. Belgium 35%
  33. Hungary 35%
  34. Poland 35%
  35. Northern Ireland 35%
  36. Netherlands 34%
  37. Czech Republic 34%
  38. Norway 34%
  39. Romania 34%
  40. Denmark 34%
  41. Russia 34%
  42. Slovakia 34%
  43. Ukraine 33%
  44. Lithuania 32%
  45. Bulgaria 31%
  46. Croatia 31%
  47. Greece 31%
  48. Latvia 31%
  49. Saudi Arabia 30%
  50. Belarus 30%
  51. Australia 30%
  52. Serbia 28%
  53. Slovenia 28%
  54. Finland 28%
  55. Bosnia and Herzegovina 28%
  56. Estonia 28%
  57. Turkey 26%
  58. Iraq 25%
  59. Kuwait 24%
  60. Lebanon 24%
  61. Armenia 23%
  62. Moldova 23%
  63. United Arab Emirates 21%
  64. Chechnya 21%
  65. New Zealand 19%
  66. Iran 19%
  67. India 12%
  68. China 6%
  69. Japan 3%
  70. Philippines 1%
  71. South Korea 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

735
FTDNA
kits
127
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
R R-M207
49.5% · 48.8%−0.7
R1b-L23 R-L23
46.0% · 44.1%−1.9
L51 R-L51
44.9% · 43.3%−1.6
E E-M96
15.6% · 9.4%−6.2
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
12.9% · 7.9%−5.1
E-M81
5.9% · 2.4%−3.5
E-M78
4.9% · 3.9%−1
J J-M304
13.5% · 22.0%+8.6
J2 J-M172
9.3% · 12.6%+3.3
J2a J-M410
6.8% · 9.4%+2.6
J1 J-M267
3.9% · 9.4%+5.5
L620 J-L620
3.5% · 9.4%+5.9
I I-L758
9.9% · 7.9%−2.1
I2 I-P215
6.0% · 3.1%−2.8
I2b I-M223
3.5% · 1.6%−2
I1 I-M253
3.9% · 4.7%+0.8
DF29 I-DF29
3.4% · 4.7%+1.3
G G-M201
5.3% · 6.3%+1
G2a G-P15
4.8% · 4.7%0
Q Q-M242
3.3% · 3.1%−0.1

mtDNA

452
FTDNA
kits
144
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
L1'2'3'4'5'6'7
28.8% · 22.2%−6.5
L2'3'4'6
20.6% · 18.1%−2.5
L3
10.4% · 11.8%+1.4
L2a'b'c'd
9.7% · 6.3%−3.5
L1
8.2% · 4.2%−4
L1c
6.6% · 2.8%−3.9
B2
14.4% · 13.9%−0.5
C1
13.1% · 9.7%−3.3
C1b
7.7% · 7.6%−0.1
C1d1
4.2% · 0.7%−3.5
H
11.7% · 15.3%+3.6
H1
5.1% · 6.3%+1.2
H3
2.2% · 0.7%−1.5
A2
10.0% · 15.3%+5.3
A2-x
4.2% · 4.9%+0.7
A2ah
2.7% · 2.8%+0.1
U
4.2% · 3.5%−0.7
U2'3'4'7'8'9
2.2% · 2.8%+0.6
D4
3.5% · 0.7%−2.8
D1
2.9% · 0.7%−2.2
T
3.5% · 5.6%+2
T2
2.7% · 4.2%+1.5

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 735 · Projects 221

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
R R-M207
49.5% · 48.4%−1.1
R1b-L23 R-L23
46.0% · 35.7%−10.2
L51 R-L51
44.9% · 35.7%−9.2
P312 R-P312
31.3% · 27.6%−3.7
DF27 R-DF27
20.5% · 19.9%−0.6
Z195 R-Z195
7.1% · 5.9%−1.2
L21 R-L21
6.3% · 5.0%−1.3
E E-M96
15.6% · 18.6%+2.9
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
12.9% · 17.2%+4.3
J J-M304
13.5% · 14.9%+1.5
J2 J-M172
9.3% · 10.4%+1.2
J2a J-M410
6.8% · 5.9%−0.9
I I-L758
9.9% · 8.6%−1.3
I2 I-P215
6.0% · 6.3%+0.3

mtDNA FTDNA 452 · Projects 225

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
L1'2'3'4'5'6'7
28.8% · 26.2%−2.5
L2'3'4'6
20.6% · 17.3%−3.2
L3
10.4% · 9.8%−0.6
L3e
6.4% · 6.2%−0.2
L2a'b'c'd
9.7% · 7.1%−2.6
L2a1
8.0% · 5.3%−2.6
L1
8.2% · 8.9%+0.7
L1c
6.6% · 6.7%0
B2
14.4% · 10.7%−3.7
C1
13.1% · 6.7%−6.4
C1b
7.7% · 5.3%−2.4
H
11.7% · 11.6%−0.2
H1
5.1% · 3.6%−1.5
A2
10.0% · 8.0%−2
265
Y-DNA · People on the map
221 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 262 such votes
70%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
233
mtDNA · People on the map
225 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 233 such votes
87%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
J-M304 +8.6
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 13.5%, YFull 22.0%
37% / 10%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 36.9 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 31.5
10%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
20%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
30%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.61
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+2
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+1
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+5
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+3
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading
Minas Gerais BR-MG 27 34 J-Z6049 J2a-Z6049 15%, J-PF4638 J1-Z2313 11%, R-Z195 R1b-Z195 11%
Sao Paulo BR-SP 19 24 R-DF27 R1b-DF27 21%, J-P58 J1-P58 16%
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Portugal 10 0.04 264.2 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. Y and mt pairs → n=86

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
R1b-DF27 K1 3 0.7 4.53 unlikely by chance p = 0.009
R1b-DF27 L3e 3 1.1 2.72 could be chance p = 0.069

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 32 samples by Y-DNA and 2 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 8,473 BCE, Paleo-Indians.

Paleo-Indians 14 · Sambaqui Society 14 · Hunter-Gatherer 1 · Una 1 · Koriabo 1

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 735 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 452 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 127 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 144 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Brazil: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/brazil/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.