ftdnastat Русский

Ireland: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 22,334 kits with a Y-DNA result and 10,169 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are R1b-DF13 — 54%, I2 — 7% and R1b-U106 — 6%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 43%, U — 14% and J1 — 9%. YFull has 987 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is almost the same. The largest gap is I: 13% on FTDNA against 25% on YFull.

Compare with…
868
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 1 of 123 among countries. About 2.6 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
196
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 1 of 93 among countries. About 5.2 million people (UN, 2023)

Paternal line · Y-DNA

22,334 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
R
18,420 · 82.5% 28k years
R1b-L51
17,361 · 77.7% 6,100 years
P312
14,457 · 64.7% 4,900 years
L21
12,709 · 56.9% 4,700 years
DF13
11,981 · 53.6% 4,600 years
Z39589
5,133 · 23.0% 4,500 years
M222
3,793 · 17.0% 2,100 years
Z253
1,780 · 8.0% 4,500 years
Z2534
1,139 · 5.1% 4,400 years
DF21
1,505 · 6.7% 4,400 years
DF27
974 · 4.4% 4,700 years
Z195
389 · 1.7% 4,600 years
U152
533 · 2.4% 4,700 years
L2
383 · 1.7% 4,600 years
U106
1,438 · 6.4% 5,000 years
L48
650 · 2.9% 4,500 years
Z9
380 · 1.7% 4,200 years
R1a-M198
429 · 1.9% 8,500 years
I
2,901 · 13.0% 35k years
I2
1,599 · 7.2% 25k years
I2b
902 · 4.0% 17k years
CTS616
763 · 3.4% 13k years
M284
460 · 2.1% 9,800 years
I2a
521 · 2.3% 20k years
I1
1,262 · 5.7% 20k years
DF29
839 · 3.8% 4,500 years
Z58
406 · 1.8% 4,500 years
Z59
327 · 1.5% 4,300 years
J
351 · 1.6% 30k years
E
340 · 1.5% 52k years
other
322 · 1.4%

Among the rest: G 214, T 39, Q 25, A 14, C 8, N 8, H 8, L 5, F 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

10,169 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
4,378 · 43.1% 11k years
H1
1,435 · 14.1% 7,900 years
H1-T16189C!
244 · 2.4%
H3
667 · 6.6% 6,700 years
H3-T152C!
228 · 2.2%
H5
337 · 3.3% 8,400 years
H2a
321 · 3.2% 8,000 years
H6a
238 · 2.3% 8,000 years
H6a1
220 · 2.2% 7,900 years
U
1,426 · 14.0% 51k years
U5a'b
995 · 9.8% 30k years
U5a
559 · 5.5% 21k years
U5a1
402 · 4.0% 13k years
U5b
436 · 4.3% 25k years
U5b2
237 · 2.3% 19k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
419 · 4.1% 50k years
J
1,015 · 10.0% 35k years
J1
877 · 8.6% 28k years
J1c
723 · 7.1% 13k years
J1c3
260 · 2.6% 7,300 years
K
954 · 9.4% 29k years
K1
810 · 8.0% 23k years
K1a
538 · 5.3% 11k years
T
949 · 9.3% 20k years
T2
751 · 7.4% 15k years
T2b
486 · 4.8% 8,500 years
V
432 · 4.2% 7,500 years
I
430 · 4.2% 17k years
I2'3
253 · 2.5% 7,800 years
I2
221 · 2.2% 5,100 years
other
585 · 5.8%

Among the rest: W 189, HV 166, X 134, N 27, L 23, M 14, A 10, R 10, C 8, B 3, P 1.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Ireland: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • R-A541: 989 kits · 4.4% (95% confidence interval: 4–5%) (×8.2) 2,000 years
  • R-CTS4466: 1,236 kits · 5.5% (95% confidence interval: 5–6%) (×7.7) 2,300 years
  • R-M222 R1b-M222: 3,793 kits · 17.0% (95% confidence interval: 16–17%) (×6.6) 2,100 years
  • R-Z2959: 2,800 kits · 12.5% (95% confidence interval: 12–13%) (×6.4) 2,100 years
  • R-DF105: 2,465 kits · 11.0% (95% confidence interval: 11–11%) (×6.4) 1,800 years
  • R-Z255: 823 kits · 3.7% (95% confidence interval: 3–4%) (×6.3) 2,100 years
  • R-DF13 R1b-DF13: 11,981 kits · 53.6% (95% confidence interval: 53–54%) (×4.4) 4,600 years
  • R-ZZ87: 1,378 kits · 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 6–6%) (×5.4) 1,800 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

1–8%9–13%14–29%30–45%46–87%Irelandunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Northern Ireland 87%
  2. Scotland 87%
  3. United States 82%
  4. United Kingdom 81%
  5. Canada 80%
  6. Wales 79%
  7. England 77%
  8. Australia 75%
  9. France 66%
  10. New Zealand 59%
  11. England (Cornish) 59%
  12. Netherlands 59%
  13. Germany 58%
  14. Belgium 56%
  15. Denmark 56%
  16. United States (Native American) 55%
  17. Switzerland 53%
  18. Portugal 50%
  19. Isle of Man 50%
  20. Spain 49%
  21. Norway 49%
  22. Brazil 47%
  23. Italy 45%
  24. Sweden 44%
  25. Austria 44%
  26. South Africa 44%
  27. Puerto Rico 43%
  28. Luxembourg 41%
  29. Hungary 40%
  30. Jamaica 40%
  31. Czech Republic 40%
  32. Mexico 39%
  33. Cuba 39%
  34. Colombia 37%
  35. Poland 37%
  36. Iceland 35%
  37. Slovakia 32%
  38. Romania 31%
  39. Slovenia 31%
  40. Chile 31%
  41. Greece 30%
  42. Ukraine 29%
  43. Argentina 29%
  44. Russia 29%
  45. Dominican Republic 29%
  46. Bulgaria 26%
  47. Italy (Sicily) 26%
  48. Croatia 25%
  49. Belarus 25%
  50. Lithuania 24%
  51. Serbia 24%
  52. Latvia 23%
  53. Macedonia 22%
  54. Peru 22%
  55. Turkey 20%
  56. Israel 19%
  57. Moldova 19%
  58. Finland 18%
  59. Albania 18%
  60. Lebanon 18%
  61. Armenia 18%
  62. Estonia 17%
  63. Bosnia and Herzegovina 15%
  64. Iran 15%
  65. Morocco 14%
  66. Syria 14%
  67. Egypt 14%
  68. Iraq 13%
  69. Montenegro 13%
  70. Azerbaijan 13%
  71. Georgia 13%
  72. Tatarstan 13%
  73. Algeria 13%
  74. India 12%
  75. Palestine 12%
  76. Uzbekistan 12%
  77. Tunisia 11%
  78. Jordan 11%
  79. Kazakhstan 11%
  80. Afghanistan 10%
  81. Bahrain 10%
  82. Kuwait 10%
  83. Saudi Arabia 10%
  84. United Arab Emirates 10%
  85. Qatar 10%
  86. Mordovia 10%
  87. Libya 10%
  88. Dagestan 9%
  89. Bashkortostan 9%
  90. Chuvashia 8%
  91. Tajikistan 8%
  92. Sudan 7%
  93. Oman 7%
  94. Adygea 7%
  95. Philippines 7%
  96. Yemen 7%
  97. Pakistan 7%
  98. Sri Lanka 6%
  99. Nigeria 5%
  100. Chechnya 5%
  101. Indonesia 5%
  102. Cameroon 4%
  103. Mongolia 4%
  104. China 4%
  105. Vietnam 3%
  106. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 3%
  107. Somalia 3%
  108. Ghana 2%
  109. Ingushetia 2%
  110. South Korea 2%
  111. Karelia 2%
  112. Japan 1%

Ireland: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • V15a: 59 kits · 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×5.6)
  • V10a: 71 kits · 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 1–1%) (×5.3)
  • H7f: 21 kits · 0.2% (95% confidence interval: 0–0%) (×7.4)
  • H56a: 31 kits · 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 0–0%) (×6.2)
  • H3i: 23 kits · 0.2% (95% confidence interval: 0–0%) (×6.5)
  • H64: 30 kits · 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 0–0%) (×5.9)
  • V24: 21 kits · 0.2% (95% confidence interval: 0–0%) (×6.2)
  • H51: 24 kits · 0.2% (95% confidence interval: 0–0%) (×5.1)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–26%27–50%51–70%71–83%84–95%Irelandunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. England 95%
  2. Scotland 95%
  3. United Kingdom 95%
  4. United States 92%
  5. Norway 90%
  6. Germany 90%
  7. France 89%
  8. Sweden 88%
  9. Northern Ireland 88%
  10. Wales 88%
  11. Netherlands 86%
  12. Canada 85%
  13. Switzerland 84%
  14. Denmark 84%
  15. Belgium 83%
  16. Czech Republic 82%
  17. Poland 81%
  18. Austria 80%
  19. Russia 79%
  20. Hungary 78%
  21. Australia 77%
  22. Slovakia 77%
  23. Italy 76%
  24. Ukraine 74%
  25. Portugal 74%
  26. Estonia 73%
  27. Finland 72%
  28. Slovenia 72%
  29. Croatia 70%
  30. Spain 70%
  31. Lithuania 69%
  32. Bulgaria 68%
  33. Serbia 68%
  34. Romania 68%
  35. United States (Native American) 66%
  36. Belarus 64%
  37. Latvia 64%
  38. Greece 63%
  39. Bosnia and Herzegovina 62%
  40. Moldova 55%
  41. Turkey 52%
  42. Algeria 51%
  43. Chechnya 50%
  44. New Zealand 50%
  45. Morocco 48%
  46. Armenia 45%
  47. Syria 45%
  48. Israel 44%
  49. Lebanon 42%
  50. South Africa 37%
  51. Brazil 36%
  52. Egypt 36%
  53. Cuba 35%
  54. Iraq 35%
  55. Iran 33%
  56. Saudi Arabia 31%
  57. Kuwait 26%
  58. United Arab Emirates 26%
  59. Argentina 24%
  60. Dominican Republic 21%
  61. Mexico 20%
  62. India 19%
  63. Puerto Rico 18%
  64. Canada (First Nations) 16%
  65. China 8%
  66. Chile 8%
  67. Jamaica 7%
  68. Colombia 5%
  69. Japan 3%
  70. South Korea 0%
  71. Philippines 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

22,334
FTDNA
kits
987
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
R R-M207
82.5% · 71.0%−11.5
R1b-L51 R-L51
77.7% · 67.4%−10.4
P312 R-P312
64.7% · 62.9%−1.8
U106 R-U106
6.4% · 3.9%−2.6
R1a-M198 R-M198
1.9% · 2.3%+0.4
I I-L758
13.0% · 24.6%+11.6
I2 I-P215
7.2% · 18.2%+11.1
I2b I-M223
4.0% · 9.5%+5.5
I2a I-P37
2.3% · 8.0%+5.7
I1 I-M253
5.7% · 6.4%+0.7
DF29 I-DF29
3.8% · 6.4%+2.6
J J-M304
1.6% · 0.8%−0.8
E E-M96
1.5% · 1.5%0

mtDNA

10,169
FTDNA
kits
166
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
43.1% · 41.0%−2.1
H1
14.1% · 14.5%+0.3
H1-T16189C!
2.4% · 3.0%+0.6
H3
6.6% · 7.2%+0.7
H3-T152C!
2.2% · 2.4%+0.2
H5
3.3% · 4.2%+0.9
H2a
3.2% · 2.4%−0.7
H6a
2.3% · 1.8%−0.5
H6a1
2.2% · 1.8%−0.4
U
14.0% · 16.3%+2.2
U5a'b
9.8% · 11.4%+1.7
U5a
5.5% · 4.2%−1.3
U5b
4.3% · 7.2%+2.9
U2'3'4'7'8'9
4.1% · 4.8%+0.7
J
10.0% · 11.4%+1.5
J1
8.6% · 7.8%−0.8
J1c
7.1% · 6.6%−0.5
K
9.4% · 8.4%−0.9
K1
8.0% · 7.2%−0.7
K1a
5.3% · 5.4%+0.1
T
9.3% · 5.4%−3.9
T2
7.4% · 4.2%−3.2
T2b
4.8% · 2.4%−2.4
V
4.2% · 4.8%+0.6
I
4.2% · 1.8%−2.4
I2'3
2.5% · 1.8%−0.7
I2
2.2% · 1.8%−0.4

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 22,334 · Projects 5,603

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
R R-M207
82.5% · 86.5%+4.1
R1b-L51 R-L51
77.7% · 66.9%−10.8
P312 R-P312
64.7% · 59.3%−5.4
L21 R-L21
56.9% · 53.1%−3.8
DF13 R-DF13
53.6% · 50.6%−3.1
Z39589 R-Z39589
23.0% · 19.4%−3.5
M222 R-M222
17.0% · 14.1%−2.9
Z253 R-Z253
8.0% · 8.8%+0.8
Z2534 R-Z2534
5.1% · 5.4%+0.3
DF21 R-DF21
6.7% · 5.7%−1
U106 R-U106
6.4% · 4.5%−2
I I-L758
13.0% · 10.2%−2.8
I2 I-P215
7.2% · 6.3%−0.9
I1 I-M253
5.7% · 3.3%−2.4

mtDNA FTDNA 10,169 · Projects 2,313

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
43.1% · 40.0%−3.1
H1
14.1% · 11.6%−2.5
H3
6.6% · 5.8%−0.8
U
14.0% · 14.7%+0.6
U5a'b
9.8% · 7.8%−2
U5a
5.5% · 4.7%−0.8
J
10.0% · 9.3%−0.7
J1
8.6% · 6.5%−2.1
J1c
7.1% · 5.7%−1.4
K
9.4% · 9.9%+0.5
K1
8.0% · 7.3%−0.7
K1a
5.3% · 4.7%−0.6
T
9.3% · 8.9%−0.4
T2
7.4% · 7.1%−0.3
5,732
Y-DNA · People on the map
5,603 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 5,671 such votes
80%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
2,314
mtDNA · People on the map
2,313 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 2,298 such votes
91%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
I-L758 +11.6
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 13.0%, YFull 24.6%
24% / 28%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 43.8 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 40.7
28%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
44%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
43%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.46
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+53
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+32
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+6
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading
Cork IE-CO 82 19 R-P312 R1b-P312 59%, I-P215 I2 23%, R-Z304 R1b-Z304 4%
Donegal IE-DL 53 7 R-M222 R1b-M222 40%, R-L2 R1b-L2 9%, R-CTS7556 R1b-CTS7556 9%
Tipperary IE-TA 47 8 R-DF13 R1b-DF13 77%, R-DF27 R1b-DF27 11%, I-DF29 I1-DF29 6%
Galway IE-G 37 6 R-DF13 R1b-DF13 65%, R-M198 R1a-M198 8%, I-P37 I2a 8%
Kerry IE-KY 31 8 R-Z2534 R1b-Z2534 16%, R-DF21 R1b-DF21 13%, I-M26 I2a-M26 10%
Dublin IE-D 29 12 R-P312 R1b-P312 55%, I-DF29 I1-DF29 14%, R-U106 R1b-U106 10%
Roscommon IE-RN 28 6 R-M222 R1b-M222 36%, R-DF21 R1b-DF21 11%, I-P37 I2a 11%
Monaghan IE-MN 26 · R-DF13 R1b-DF13 50%, R-U106 R1b-U106 12%, I-P215 I2 12%
Clare IE-CE 25 5 R-DF13 R1b-DF13 64%, R-Z49 R1b-Z49 12%, I-M284 I2b-M284 12%
Limerick IE-LK 25 4 I-P37 I2a 16%, R-Z2534 R1b-Z2534 12%, R-Z39589 R1b-Z39589 12%
Mayo IE-MO 25 4 R-M222 R1b-M222 60%, I-P37 I2a 12%
Kilkenny IE-KK 22 4 R-P312 R1b-P312 64%, I-P215 I2 18%, R-U106 R1b-U106 14%
Cavan IE-CN 22 1 R-DF13 R1b-DF13 36%, R-S4458 R1a-S4458 18%, I-P215 I2 18%
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
United States 34 9.6 3.6 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Scotland 25 3.9 6.4 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
United Kingdom 24 5.9 4.1 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
England 12 5.0 2.4 unlikely by chance p = 0.004
Canada 5 0.97 5.2 unlikely by chance p = 0.002
YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. Y and mt pairs → n=198

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
R1b-DF13 J1c 4 2.6 1.56 could be chance p = 0.238
R1b-Z2534 H1b 4 0.4 10.15 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
R1b-DF13 K1a 3 2.6 1.17 could be chance p = 0.491
R1b-DF13 U5a 3 2.6 1.17 could be chance p = 0.491
R1b-M222 H2a 3 1.7 1.73 could be chance p = 0.239
R1b-M222 H6a 3 1.3 2.30 could be chance p = 0.118
R1b-M222 U5b 3 2.2 1.38 could be chance p = 0.374

Ancient relatives of male lines #

Which cultures of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) the local male lines lead to most closely. The share is how many kits lead to a culture; the range is in brackets.

Ireland Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: 90.8% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian ≈ 2,200–2,300 BCE 91% 9%
Ireland Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1b: 79.9% R1b Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 75.3% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 4.6% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I1: 4.0% I1 Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I1 → I1 4.0% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2b: 2.8% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 2.0% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 0.7% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2a: 1.2% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2a → I2a 0.7% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2a → I2a 0.5% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1a: 1.9% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 1.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 0.6% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2: 0.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2 → I2 0.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · G2a: 0.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: G2a → G2a 0.4% R1b 80% I1 6% I2b 4% R1a 2% I2 1%
Left: the major branches through which the lines lead to a culture; right: all major branches. Grey: the part of a branch without ancient relatives of this era.
How it is counted
  • Branches of the era. We take the ancient samples whose date falls inside the era, and compare the lines as they stood 1,500 years before the era ends.
  • A culture’s profile is the share of its lines on those branches. The number of samples does not change a weight: a culture of seven men weighs as much as one of a hundred and twenty.
  • A shallow test. An ancient man typed above the cut is spread over the branches under his node, by how many men each holds now. Today’s kits are treated the same way.
  • Who is admitted. A culture takes part when its sharply typed men cover 25% of the population on their own: branch by branch we add the smaller of the two shares, the culture’s and the population’s. One dug within 550 km needs only 0.5%.
  • The shares. We pick the weights of the cultures so that their mixture comes as close as it can to today’s set of branches.
  • Look-alike cultures. When cultures share almost all their branches, the data cannot say whose kin the men are. So we do not split the share between them: they get one bar.
  • The range. We recount everything on random subsets of the samples. In brackets are the bounds the share keeps in nine runs out of ten. A share that can fall below 5%, or below half of itself, is not shown at all.

What it does not mean. This is kinship of male lines, not the origin of a people. The female lines say nothing here. Who takes a test is a matter of chance, so the shares compare between countries, not with a census.

Other eras: Early Middle Ages — Iron Age Irish 42%; Middle Ages — Medieval Irish 41%.

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 97 samples by Y-DNA and 32 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 4,708 BCE, Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer.

Neolithic British Isles 43 · Medieval Irish 27 · Iron Age Irish 9 · Bronze Age British Isles 7 · Gaels 3

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 22,334 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 10,169 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 987 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 166 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Ireland: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/ireland/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.