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Finland: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 10,224 kits with a Y-DNA result and 7,474 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are N-Z1933 — 42%, I1-CTS6868 — 17% and N-CTS2929 — 16%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 44%, U5b — 13% and U5a — 6%. YFull has 1,294 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is almost the same. The largest gap is R: 10% on FTDNA against 14% on YFull.

Compare with…
369
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 3 of 123 among countries. About 2.8 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
133
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 2 of 93 among countries. About 5.6 million people (UN, 2023)

Mitotree, the mt tree of FTDNA Discover, has about 417 more samples from here that the public mt tree lacks: mostly academic studies, GenBank among them (copy of 11 November 2026). This page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Paternal line · Y-DNA

10,224 kits · 19 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
N1a-M178
6,405 · 62.6% 14k years
N-Z1933
4,335 · 42.4% 2,400 years
N-CTS2929
1,589 · 15.5% 4,000 years
I1
2,534 · 24.8% 20k years
DF29
2,332 · 22.8% 4,500 years
L22
1,910 · 18.7% 3,900 years
CTS6868
1,734 · 17.0% 3,800 years
Z59
243 · 2.4% 4,300 years
R
975 · 9.5% 28k years
R1a-M198
530 · 5.2% 8,500 years
Z282
492 · 4.8% 4,800 years
Z280
184 · 1.8% 4,700 years
CTS1211
139 · 1.4% 4,400 years
Z284
179 · 1.8% 4,200 years
S4458
113 · 1.1% 3,800 years
M458
124 · 1.2% 4,300 years
R1b-L51
424 · 4.1% 6,100 years
U106
217 · 2.1% 5,000 years
P312
179 · 1.8% 4,900 years
other
310 · 3.0%

Among the rest: E 50, J 34, G 27, A 18, Q 13, T 9, K 3, H 3, F 1, L 1, C 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

7,474 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
3,300 · 44.2% 11k years
H1
1,520 · 20.3% 7,900 years
H1-T16189C!
473 · 6.3%
H1f
274 · 3.7% 3,800 years
H1f1
235 · 3.1% 2,800 years
H1a
415 · 5.6% 4,800 years
H2a
316 · 4.2% 8,000 years
H2a1
256 · 3.4% 7,000 years
H3
239 · 3.2% 6,700 years
U
1,802 · 24.1% 51k years
U5a'b
1,453 · 19.4% 30k years
U5b
999 · 13.4% 25k years
U5b1-T16189C!
896 · 12.0%
U5b1b
842 · 11.3% 9,500 years
U5b1b1a
508 · 6.8% 3,200 years
U5b1b1a1
262 · 3.5% 2,700 years
U5b1b1a1a
227 · 3.0% 2,700 years
U5b1b2
329 · 4.4% 2,900 years
U5a
454 · 6.1% 21k years
U5a1
227 · 3.0% 13k years
U5a2
227 · 3.0% 17k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
327 · 4.4% 50k years
J
415 · 5.6% 35k years
J1c
318 · 4.3% 13k years
V
402 · 5.4% 7,500 years
T
394 · 5.3% 20k years
T2
276 · 3.7% 15k years
K
355 · 4.7% 29k years
K1
329 · 4.4% 23k years
W
291 · 3.9% 12k years
other
515 · 6.9%

Among the rest: I 171, X 150, Z 54, HV 53, R 39, D 24, N 16, G 5, M 1, A 1, B 1.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Finland: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • N-Z1933 N-Z1933: 4,335 kits · 42.4% (95% confidence interval: 41–43%) (×24.6) 2,400 years
  • N-VL62: 2,319 kits · 22.7% (95% confidence interval: 22–24%) (×24.4) 2,100 years
  • N-CTS1152: 1,794 kits · 17.5% (95% confidence interval: 17–18%) (×25.1) 1,700 years
  • N-CTS3223: 1,570 kits · 15.4% (95% confidence interval: 15–16%) (×24.9) 1,700 years
  • N-Z1941: 1,309 kits · 12.8% (95% confidence interval: 12–13%) (×25.0) 1,800 years
  • I-L258: 1,599 kits · 15.6% (95% confidence interval: 15–16%) (×23.6) 1,900 years
  • N-Z5894: 1,098 kits · 10.7% (95% confidence interval: 10–11%) (×24.7) 1,600 years
  • N-CTS3103: 6,127 kits · 59.9% (95% confidence interval: 59–61%) (×18.4) 4,700 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

1–3%4–7%8–15%16–23%24–69%Finlandunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Karelia 69%
  2. Estonia 57%
  3. Sweden 51%
  4. Norway 39%
  5. Russia 38%
  6. Denmark 35%
  7. Tatarstan 28%
  8. Germany 28%
  9. Poland 27%
  10. Czech Republic 26%
  11. England 26%
  12. United States 26%
  13. Netherlands 26%
  14. United Kingdom 26%
  15. Hungary 25%
  16. Latvia 25%
  17. Mordovia 25%
  18. Chuvashia 25%
  19. Lithuania 25%
  20. Canada 24%
  21. Slovakia 24%
  22. Scotland 23%
  23. Ukraine 23%
  24. Austria 23%
  25. Belgium 22%
  26. Switzerland 22%
  27. France 22%
  28. Belarus 21%
  29. Northern Ireland 20%
  30. Bashkortostan 20%
  31. Wales 20%
  32. Australia 19%
  33. United States (Native American) 19%
  34. Ireland 18%
  35. Slovenia 18%
  36. Bulgaria 18%
  37. Romania 18%
  38. Italy 17%
  39. Croatia 17%
  40. England (Cornish) 17%
  41. Serbia 16%
  42. Bosnia and Herzegovina 16%
  43. South Africa 15%
  44. Iceland 15%
  45. Spain 15%
  46. Portugal 15%
  47. Greece 14%
  48. Brazil 13%
  49. Macedonia 13%
  50. Isle of Man 13%
  51. Luxembourg 13%
  52. New Zealand 12%
  53. Puerto Rico 12%
  54. Kazakhstan 12%
  55. Moldova 11%
  56. Albania 11%
  57. Mexico 11%
  58. Turkey 11%
  59. Montenegro 11%
  60. Jamaica 11%
  61. Uzbekistan 10%
  62. Colombia 9%
  63. Argentina 9%
  64. Cuba 9%
  65. Azerbaijan 9%
  66. Israel 8%
  67. Dagestan 7%
  68. Italy (Sicily) 7%
  69. Chile 7%
  70. Afghanistan 7%
  71. Adygea 6%
  72. Lebanon 6%
  73. Armenia 6%
  74. Georgia 6%
  75. Iran 5%
  76. Dominican Republic 5%
  77. Egypt 5%
  78. India 5%
  79. Morocco 5%
  80. Mongolia 5%
  81. Iraq 4%
  82. Peru 4%
  83. Syria 4%
  84. Tajikistan 4%
  85. Palestine 4%
  86. Algeria 4%
  87. Jordan 4%
  88. China 4%
  89. Tunisia 4%
  90. Japan 3%
  91. United Arab Emirates 3%
  92. Qatar 3%
  93. Pakistan 3%
  94. Chechnya 3%
  95. Indonesia 3%
  96. Saudi Arabia 3%
  97. Kuwait 3%
  98. Bahrain 3%
  99. Libya 3%
  100. South Korea 3%
  101. Sri Lanka 2%
  102. Philippines 2%
  103. Nigeria 2%
  104. Oman 2%
  105. Yemen 2%
  106. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 2%
  107. Sudan 2%
  108. Vietnam 1%
  109. Cameroon 1%
  110. Somalia 1%
  111. Ghana 1%
  112. Ingushetia 1%

Finland: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • H1f: 274 kits · 3.7% (95% confidence interval: 3–4%) (×14.7)
  • W1a: 119 kits · 1.6% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×16.3)
  • H45a: 93 kits · 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×17.0)
  • W1b: 59 kits · 0.8% (95% confidence interval: 1–1%) (×15.5)
  • V5: 32 kits · 0.4% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×17.6)
  • H39c: 29 kits · 0.4% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×14.6)
  • V2a: 40 kits · 0.5% (95% confidence interval: 0–1%) (×12.3)
  • H10g: 20 kits · 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 0–0%) (×13.9)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–20%21–40%41–60%61–70%71–82%Finlandunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Sweden 82%
  2. Norway 77%
  3. Estonia 76%
  4. Germany 75%
  5. United Kingdom 75%
  6. England 74%
  7. Czech Republic 74%
  8. Russia 73%
  9. Denmark 73%
  10. Scotland 72%
  11. Ireland 72%
  12. Netherlands 72%
  13. United States 71%
  14. Switzerland 70%
  15. Belgium 70%
  16. Hungary 70%
  17. Poland 70%
  18. Slovakia 70%
  19. Wales 70%
  20. France 69%
  21. Austria 69%
  22. Northern Ireland 67%
  23. Canada 66%
  24. Ukraine 65%
  25. Slovenia 64%
  26. Croatia 63%
  27. Australia 62%
  28. Lithuania 61%
  29. Italy 60%
  30. Bulgaria 59%
  31. Portugal 58%
  32. Latvia 58%
  33. Serbia 58%
  34. Belarus 56%
  35. Romania 55%
  36. Spain 55%
  37. Bosnia and Herzegovina 53%
  38. United States (Native American) 53%
  39. Greece 51%
  40. Moldova 49%
  41. New Zealand 42%
  42. Chechnya 41%
  43. Turkey 40%
  44. Algeria 40%
  45. Morocco 38%
  46. Armenia 35%
  47. South Africa 33%
  48. Israel 33%
  49. Syria 33%
  50. Lebanon 32%
  51. Cuba 30%
  52. Brazil 28%
  53. Egypt 27%
  54. Iran 26%
  55. Iraq 26%
  56. Saudi Arabia 21%
  57. Argentina 20%
  58. Kuwait 20%
  59. Dominican Republic 18%
  60. United Arab Emirates 17%
  61. Mexico 15%
  62. Puerto Rico 15%
  63. India 15%
  64. Canada (First Nations) 12%
  65. China 7%
  66. Jamaica 5%
  67. Chile 5%
  68. Japan 3%
  69. Colombia 2%
  70. South Korea 1%
  71. Philippines 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

10,224
FTDNA
kits
1,294
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
N1a-M178 N-M178
62.6% · 58.1%−4.5
N-Z1933
42.4% · 43.0%+0.6
N-CTS2929
15.5% · 13.6%−1.9
I1 I-M253
24.8% · 23.3%−1.5
DF29 I-DF29
22.8% · 23.0%+0.1
L22 I-L22
18.7% · 17.0%−1.7
Z59 I-Z59
2.4% · 4.5%+2.1
R R-M207
9.5% · 14.4%+4.8
R1a-M198 R-M198
5.2% · 7.2%+2
Z282 R-Z282
4.8% · 7.0%+2.2
R1b-L51 R-L51
4.1% · 6.6%+2.5
U106 R-U106
2.1% · 3.7%+1.6
P312 R-P312
1.8% · 2.9%+1.2

mtDNA

7,474
FTDNA
kits
615
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
44.2% · 40.2%−4
H1
20.3% · 17.6%−2.8
H1-T16189C!
6.3% · 3.6%−2.8
H1a
5.6% · 6.2%+0.6
H2a
4.2% · 4.1%−0.2
H2a1
3.4% · 3.1%−0.3
H3
3.2% · 3.7%+0.5
U
24.1% · 24.7%+0.6
U5a'b
19.4% · 20.2%+0.7
U5b
13.4% · 13.7%+0.3
U5a
6.1% · 6.3%+0.3
U2'3'4'7'8'9
4.4% · 4.6%+0.2
J
5.6% · 8.0%+2.4
J1c
4.3% · 6.3%+2.1
V
5.4% · 4.7%−0.7
T
5.3% · 5.9%+0.6
T2
3.7% · 3.3%−0.4
K
4.7% · 4.4%−0.4
K1
4.4% · 4.1%−0.3
W
3.9% · 3.3%−0.6

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 10,224 · Projects 6,367

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
N1a-M178 N-M178
62.6% · 54.3%−8.3
N-Z1933
42.4% · 36.8%−5.6
N-CTS2929
15.5% · 14.1%−1.4
I1 I-M253
24.8% · 25.2%+0.4
DF29 I-DF29
22.8% · 21.3%−1.5
L22 I-L22
18.7% · 17.7%−1
CTS6868 I-CTS6868
17.0% · 16.1%−0.9
Z59 I-Z59
2.4% · 2.0%−0.4
R R-M207
9.5% · 9.1%−0.5
R1a-M198 R-M198
5.2% · 4.4%−0.8
Z282 R-Z282
4.8% · 3.8%−1
Z280 R-Z280
1.8% · 1.5%−0.3
R1b-L51 R-L51
4.1% · 4.0%−0.2
U106 R-U106
2.1% · 2.0%−0.1

mtDNA FTDNA 7,474 · Projects 4,810

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
44.2% · 42.9%−1.2
H1
20.3% · 17.5%−2.8
H1-T16189C!
6.3% · 5.1%−1.3
H1a
5.6% · 5.0%−0.6
U
24.1% · 24.3%+0.2
U5a'b
19.4% · 17.3%−2.1
U5b
13.4% · 12.2%−1.2
U5b1-T16189C!
12.0% · 11.1%−0.9
U5b1b
11.3% · 10.2%−1
U5b1b1a
6.8% · 6.2%−0.6
U5a
6.1% · 5.1%−1
J
5.6% · 5.8%+0.2
V
5.4% · 5.9%+0.5
T
5.3% · 5.2%0
6,707
Y-DNA · People on the map
6,367 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 6,540 such votes
83%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
4,811
mtDNA · People on the map
4,810 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 4,755 such votes
99%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
R-M207 +4.8
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 9.5%, YFull 14.4%
24% / 36%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 43.8 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 41.4
36%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
57%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
49%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.73
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+125
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+28
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+1
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+1
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. Similar regions are those with nearly the same mix of major paternal branches: similarity of 80% or more, both regions with 150+ Y samples. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading Similar regions
Lansi-Suomen laani FI-LS 374 201 I-DF29 I1-DF29 34%, N-Z1933 N-Z1933 22%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 20% Etela-Suomen laani — 85% similar
Ita-Suomen laani FI-IS 356 138 N-Z1933 N-Z1933 68%, I-CTS6868 I1-CTS6868 12%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 8% Etela-Suomen laani — 84% similar
Etela-Suomen laani FI-ES 249 112 N-Z1933 N-Z1933 37%, I-DF29 I1-DF29 23%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 13% Lansi-Suomen laani — 85% similar; Ita-Suomen laani — 84% similar
Oulun laani FI-OL 113 49 N-Z1933 N-Z1933 47%, N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929 12%, R-L51 R1b-L51 12% ·
Lapin laani FI-LL 30 23 N-Z1933 N-Z1933 47%, R-M207 R 13%, I-CTS6868 I1-CTS6868 13% ·
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Sweden 15 0.40 37.9 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Russia 6 0.50 12.0 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. Y and mt pairs → n=501

Notably above chance

Y × mt: line combinations · Notably above chance
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
I1-CTS6868 H6a 6 1.4 4.34 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
N-Z1933 J1c 19 12.3 1.54 unlikely by chance p = 0.009

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
N-Z1933 U5b 32 33.2 0.96 could be chance p = 0.659
N-Z1933 J1c 19 12.3 1.54 unlikely by chance p = 0.009
I1-CTS6868 U5b 17 12.0 1.42 could be chance p = 0.065
N-Z1933 U5a 17 13.6 1.25 could be chance p = 0.142
N-Z1933 H1a 15 13.2 1.14 could be chance p = 0.308
N-CTS2929 U5b 14 12.0 1.17 could be chance p = 0.296
N-Z1933 H2a 9 8.5 1.06 could be chance p = 0.496
N-Z1933 H1f 7 5.5 1.27 could be chance p = 0.288

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 10 samples by Y-DNA and 90 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 425 CE, U5a1c3b1.

Historical Finnish 5 · Medieval Finnish 4 · Historical Sámi 1

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 10,224 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 7,474 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 1,294 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 615 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Finland: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/finland/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.