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Romania: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 1,080 kits with a Y-DNA result and 554 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are J2 — 15%, E1b1b-M35 — 15% and R1a-M198 — 13%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 34%, K1 — 16% and U — 11%. YFull has 154 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is broadly the same. The largest gap is I: 15% on FTDNA against 28% on YFull.

Compare with…
11.7
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 62 of 123 among countries. About 9.3 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
2.9
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 47 of 93 among countries. About 19 million people (UN, 2023)

Paternal line · Y-DNA

1,080 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
J
295 · 27.3% 30k years
J2
167 · 15.5% 28k years
J2a
102 · 9.4% 20k years
M67
47 · 4.4% 13k years
J1
124 · 11.5% 19k years
P58
86 · 8.0% 9,800 years
Z2313
55 · 5.1% 5,800 years
R
289 · 26.8% 28k years
R1a-M198
137 · 12.7% 8,500 years
Z282
68 · 6.3% 4,800 years
Z280
44 · 4.1% 4,700 years
CTS1211
41 · 3.8% 4,400 years
Z2124
38 · 3.5% 4,500 years
R1b-M269
136 · 12.6% 6,500 years
L23
113 · 10.5% 6,400 years
L51
80 · 7.4% 6,100 years
P312
54 · 5.0% 4,900 years
E
177 · 16.4% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
159 · 14.7% 25k years
E-M78
72 · 6.7% 15k years
V13
48 · 4.4% 5,200 years
E-Z830
65 · 6.0% 20k years
M34
46 · 4.3% 15k years
I
166 · 15.4% 35k years
I2
123 · 11.4% 25k years
I2a
83 · 7.7% 20k years
CTS10228
68 · 6.3% 3,300 years
I1
42 · 3.9% 20k years
G
83 · 7.7% 28k years
G2a
40 · 3.7% 19k years
other
70 · 6.5%

Among the rest: T 29, Q 21, N 8, H 6, L 3, C 1, P 1, D 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

554 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
191 · 34.5% 11k years
H1
57 · 10.3% 7,900 years
H1c
13 · 2.3% 5,300 years
H7
21 · 3.8% 6,800 years
H5
18 · 3.2% 8,400 years
H3
15 · 2.7% 6,700 years
K
109 · 19.7% 29k years
K1
88 · 15.9% 23k years
K1a
79 · 14.3% 11k years
K1a1b1a
53 · 9.6% 2,800 years
K2a
20 · 3.6% 14k years
K2a2a1
16 · 2.9% 2,500 years
U
59 · 10.6% 51k years
U5a'b
32 · 5.8% 30k years
U5a
25 · 4.5% 21k years
U5a1
15 · 2.7% 13k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
18 · 3.2% 50k years
U4
13 · 2.3% 22k years
J
47 · 8.5% 35k years
J1
43 · 7.8% 28k years
J1c
40 · 7.2% 13k years
J1c-C16261T
22 · 4.0% 6,600 years
T
41 · 7.4% 20k years
T2
26 · 4.7% 15k years
T2b
16 · 2.9% 8,500 years
T1a
14 · 2.5% 13k years
V
20 · 3.6% 7,500 years
HV
19 · 3.4% 13k years
N1b1b1
16 · 2.9% 2,700 years
I
12 · 2.2% 17k years
other
40 · 7.2%

Among the rest: X 9, L 8, W 8, R 5, A 2, M 1, C 1, Z 1, D 1, Y 1.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Romania: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • I-S20602: 64 kits · 5.9% (95% confidence interval: 5–7%) (×6.1) 2,500 years
  • I-Y3548: 32 kits · 3.0% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×5.3) 2,300 years
  • R-Z2124 R1a-Z2124: 38 kits · 3.5% (95% confidence interval: 3–5%) (×5.0) 4,500 years
  • E-PF1962: 64 kits · 5.9% (95% confidence interval: 5–7%) (×4.3) 20k years
  • J-M92 J2a-M92: 26 kits · 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×4.8) 8,000 years
  • I-P37 I2a: 83 kits · 7.7% (95% confidence interval: 6–9%) (×3.5) 20k years
  • E-Z827: 75 kits · 6.9% (95% confidence interval: 6–9%) (×3.2) 25k years
  • E-M34 E-M34: 46 kits · 4.3% (95% confidence interval: 3–6%) (×3.5) 15k years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

4–29%30–39%40–47%48–59%60–87%Romaniaunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Ukraine 87%
  2. Hungary 86%
  3. Austria 83%
  4. Belarus 83%
  5. Poland 81%
  6. Greece 80%
  7. Moldova 79%
  8. Lithuania 79%
  9. Italy 77%
  10. Slovakia 76%
  11. Russia 72%
  12. Bulgaria 72%
  13. Czech Republic 70%
  14. Latvia 68%
  15. Germany 67%
  16. Israel 66%
  17. Turkey 66%
  18. Lebanon 63%
  19. Serbia 61%
  20. Spain 60%
  21. Iran 60%
  22. Switzerland 59%
  23. Macedonia 59%
  24. Portugal 58%
  25. Syria 58%
  26. Armenia 58%
  27. Croatia 58%
  28. Azerbaijan 56%
  29. France 56%
  30. Iraq 56%
  31. Albania 56%
  32. Netherlands 55%
  33. Egypt 55%
  34. Slovenia 54%
  35. Italy (Sicily) 54%
  36. Brazil 53%
  37. Belgium 53%
  38. Palestine 51%
  39. Bosnia and Herzegovina 50%
  40. Bahrain 50%
  41. Georgia 48%
  42. United Kingdom 48%
  43. England 47%
  44. Mexico 47%
  45. Montenegro 47%
  46. Tunisia 47%
  47. Denmark 45%
  48. Puerto Rico 45%
  49. United States 44%
  50. United Arab Emirates 44%
  51. Luxembourg 44%
  52. Qatar 44%
  53. Jordan 43%
  54. Kuwait 43%
  55. Canada 43%
  56. Saudi Arabia 42%
  57. Afghanistan 42%
  58. Tajikistan 42%
  59. Uzbekistan 42%
  60. Algeria 41%
  61. Morocco 41%
  62. Argentina 41%
  63. Cuba 40%
  64. Colombia 40%
  65. Tatarstan 39%
  66. Wales 39%
  67. Adygea 39%
  68. Bashkortostan 39%
  69. Pakistan 38%
  70. Chile 38%
  71. Dagestan 37%
  72. Dominican Republic 37%
  73. Scotland 37%
  74. Yemen 37%
  75. South Africa 37%
  76. Australia 36%
  77. United States (Native American) 35%
  78. Kazakhstan 35%
  79. Mordovia 35%
  80. Oman 35%
  81. India 35%
  82. Libya 33%
  83. Estonia 32%
  84. Sweden 32%
  85. Ireland 31%
  86. Norway 31%
  87. Chuvashia 30%
  88. Sudan 30%
  89. Northern Ireland 29%
  90. Peru 29%
  91. Jamaica 27%
  92. England (Cornish) 26%
  93. Sri Lanka 25%
  94. Chechnya 24%
  95. New Zealand 22%
  96. Iceland 21%
  97. Finland 18%
  98. Somalia 15%
  99. Karelia 14%
  100. Ingushetia 13%
  101. Indonesia 13%
  102. China 12%
  103. Isle of Man 12%
  104. Mongolia 11%
  105. Philippines 10%
  106. Cameroon 8%
  107. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 8%
  108. Nigeria 7%
  109. Japan 6%
  110. South Korea 5%
  111. Ghana 4%
  112. Vietnam 4%

Romania: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • N1b: 17 kits · 3.1% (95% confidence interval: 2–5%) (×6.2)
  • K1a: 79 kits · 14.3% (95% confidence interval: 12–17%) (×3.1)
  • V7a: 10 kits · 1.8% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×5.9)
  • K2a: 20 kits · 3.6% (95% confidence interval: 2–6%) (×3.2)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–32%33–55%56–67%68–71%72–86%Romaniaunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Ukraine 86%
  2. Poland 83%
  3. Hungary 82%
  4. Lithuania 82%
  5. Austria 81%
  6. Russia 81%
  7. Belarus 80%
  8. Slovakia 78%
  9. Germany 76%
  10. Czech Republic 75%
  11. Italy 73%
  12. Latvia 73%
  13. France 73%
  14. England 72%
  15. Switzerland 71%
  16. Belgium 71%
  17. Netherlands 71%
  18. United States 70%
  19. Sweden 70%
  20. United Kingdom 70%
  21. Scotland 69%
  22. Moldova 68%
  23. Greece 68%
  24. Ireland 68%
  25. Bulgaria 68%
  26. Wales 68%
  27. Norway 68%
  28. Croatia 67%
  29. Denmark 67%
  30. Northern Ireland 66%
  31. Canada 66%
  32. Portugal 66%
  33. Serbia 65%
  34. Estonia 64%
  35. Slovenia 63%
  36. Bosnia and Herzegovina 61%
  37. Turkey 60%
  38. Spain 60%
  39. Australia 59%
  40. Algeria 55%
  41. Finland 55%
  42. Syria 55%
  43. United States (Native American) 55%
  44. Armenia 53%
  45. Lebanon 52%
  46. Chechnya 52%
  47. Israel 51%
  48. Morocco 45%
  49. Iraq 42%
  50. Egypt 41%
  51. New Zealand 39%
  52. Iran 38%
  53. Saudi Arabia 36%
  54. United Arab Emirates 36%
  55. Brazil 34%
  56. Cuba 34%
  57. South Africa 32%
  58. Kuwait 31%
  59. Argentina 24%
  60. India 20%
  61. Mexico 19%
  62. Dominican Republic 16%
  63. Puerto Rico 14%
  64. Canada (First Nations) 12%
  65. Jamaica 10%
  66. China 6%
  67. Colombia 6%
  68. Chile 6%
  69. Japan 3%
  70. South Korea 1%
  71. Philippines 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

1,080
FTDNA
kits
154
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
J J-M304
27.3% · 17.5%−9.8
J2 J-M172
15.5% · 13.6%−1.8
J2a J-M410
9.4% · 7.8%−1.7
J1 J-M267
11.5% · 3.9%−7.6
P58 J-P58
8.0% · 3.2%−4.7
R R-M207
26.8% · 29.9%+3.1
R1a-M198 R-M198
12.7% · 12.3%−0.3
Z282 R-Z282
6.3% · 10.4%+4.1
Z2124 R-Z2124
3.5% · 1.9%−1.6
R1b-M269 R-M269
12.6% · 16.9%+4.3
L23 R-L23
10.5% · 16.2%+5.8
E E-M96
16.4% · 15.6%−0.8
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
14.7% · 14.9%+0.2
E-M78
6.7% · 12.3%+5.7
E-Z830 E-CTS10298
6.0% · 2.6%−3.4
I I-L758
15.4% · 27.9%+12.6
I2 I-P215
11.4% · 20.8%+9.4
I2a I-P37
7.7% · 13.6%+6
I1 I-M253
3.9% · 7.1%+3.3
G G-M201
7.7% · 5.2%−2.5
G2a G-P15
3.7% · 3.9%+0.2

mtDNA

554
FTDNA
kits
104
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
34.5% · 46.2%+11.7
H1
10.3% · 6.7%−3.6
H1c
2.3% · 1.9%−0.4
H7
3.8% · 6.7%+2.9
H5
3.2% · 11.5%+8.3
H3
2.7% · 1.0%−1.7
K
19.7% · 6.7%−12.9
K1
15.9% · 5.8%−10.1
K1a
14.3% · 4.8%−9.5
K2a
3.6% · 1.0%−2.6
K2a2a1
2.9% · 0.0%−2.9
U
10.6% · 8.7%−2
U5a'b
5.8% · 3.8%−1.9
U5a
4.5% · 1.9%−2.6
U2'3'4'7'8'9
3.2% · 4.8%+1.6
U4
2.3% · 4.8%+2.5
J
8.5% · 12.5%+4
J1
7.8% · 12.5%+4.7
J1c
7.2% · 9.6%+2.4
T
7.4% · 3.8%−3.6
T2
4.7% · 1.0%−3.7
T2b
2.9% · 0.0%−2.9
T1a
2.5% · 2.9%+0.4
V
3.6% · 4.8%+1.2
HV
3.4% · 4.8%+1.4
N1b1b1
2.9% · 1.0%−1.9
I
2.2% · 3.8%+1.7

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 1,080 · Projects 691

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
J J-M304
27.3% · 21.9%−5.5
J2 J-M172
15.5% · 12.6%−2.9
J2a J-M410
9.4% · 6.9%−2.5
J1 J-M267
11.5% · 9.1%−2.4
P58 J-P58
8.0% · 6.1%−1.9
R R-M207
26.8% · 27.8%+1
R1a-M198 R-M198
12.7% · 13.6%+0.9
R1b-M269 R-M269
12.6% · 13.7%+1.2
L23 R-L23
10.5% · 10.6%+0.1
E E-M96
16.4% · 16.2%−0.2
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
14.7% · 15.5%+0.8
I I-L758
15.4% · 17.5%+2.1
I2 I-P215
11.4% · 11.7%+0.3
G G-M201
7.7% · 9.3%+1.6

mtDNA FTDNA 554 · Projects 243

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
34.5% · 32.1%−2.4
H1
10.3% · 7.0%−3.3
K
19.7% · 22.6%+3
K1
15.9% · 13.6%−2.3
K1a
14.3% · 11.9%−2.3
K1a1b1a
9.6% · 7.0%−2.6
U
10.6% · 8.6%−2
U5a'b
5.8% · 2.5%−3.3
U5a
4.5% · 1.6%−2.9
J
8.5% · 10.3%+1.8
J1
7.8% · 7.0%−0.8
J1c
7.2% · 6.6%−0.6
T
7.4% · 7.0%−0.4
T2
4.7% · 3.7%−1
723
Y-DNA · People on the map
691 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 706 such votes
77%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
243
mtDNA · People on the map
243 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 240 such votes
82%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
I-L758 +12.6
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 15.4%, YFull 27.9%
19% / 17%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 35.7 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 28.3
17%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
27%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
51%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.51
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+4
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12

Y-DNA: branches that grew

YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Poland 6 0.76 7.9 unlikely by chance p < 0.001

Ancient relatives of male lines #

Which cultures of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) the local male lines lead to most closely. The share is how many kits lead to a culture; the range is in brackets.

Romania Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture: 29.3% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture ≈ 2,200–2,500 BCE 29% 71%
Romania Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture · R1b: 9.2% R1b Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture: R1b → R1b 9.2% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture · R1a: 8.7% R1a Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture: R1a → R1a 8.7% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture · I2a: 5.0% I2a Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture: I2a → I2a 5.0% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture · I1: 3.9% I1 Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture: I1 → I1 3.9% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture · I2: 1.0% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture: I2 → I2 1.0% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture · I2b: 0.9% Neolithic Scandinavian and Bell Beaker culture: I2b → I2b 0.9% E1b1b 15% R1b 13% R1a 13% J1 11% J2a 9% I2a 8% I1 4% G2a 4% … 22%
Left: the major branches through which the lines lead to a culture; right: all major branches. Grey: the part of a branch without ancient relatives of this era.
How it is counted
  • Branches of the era. We take the ancient samples whose date falls inside the era, and compare the lines as they stood 1,500 years before the era ends.
  • A culture’s profile is the share of its lines on those branches. The number of samples does not change a weight: a culture of seven men weighs as much as one of a hundred and twenty.
  • A shallow test. An ancient man typed above the cut is spread over the branches under his node, by how many men each holds now. Today’s kits are treated the same way.
  • Who is admitted. A culture takes part when its sharply typed men cover 25% of the population on their own: branch by branch we add the smaller of the two shares, the culture’s and the population’s. One dug within 550 km needs only 0.5%.
  • The shares. We pick the weights of the cultures so that their mixture comes as close as it can to today’s set of branches.
  • Look-alike cultures. When cultures share almost all their branches, the data cannot say whose kin the men are. So we do not split the share between them: they get one bar.
  • The range. We recount everything on random subsets of the samples. In brackets are the bounds the share keeps in nine runs out of ten. A share that can fall below 5%, or below half of itself, is not shown at all.

What it does not mean. This is kinship of male lines, not the origin of a people. The female lines say nothing here. Who takes a test is a matter of chance, so the shares compare between countries, not with a census.

Other eras: Early Middle Ages — Avars 21%.

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 133 samples by Y-DNA and 104 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 36,083 BCE, Initial Upper Paleolithic.

Gumelnița culture 25 · Chalcolithic Balkan 18 · Tiszapolgár culture 13 · Bulgars 11 · Iron Gates Mesolithic 8

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 1,080 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 554 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 154 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 104 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Romania: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/romania/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.