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Portugal: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 1,914 kits with a Y-DNA result and 906 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are R1b-L51 — 48%, E1b1b-M35 — 13% and J2 — 8%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 39%, U — 12% and T2 — 6%. YFull has 163 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is broadly the same. The largest gap is R1b-P312: 33% on FTDNA against 40% on YFull.

Compare with…
39.9
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 27 of 123 among countries. About 5.0 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
9.1
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 26 of 93 among countries. About 10 million people (UN, 2023)

Mitotree, the mt tree of FTDNA Discover, has about 47 more samples from here that the public mt tree lacks: mostly academic studies, GenBank among them (copy of 11 November 2026). This page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Paternal line · Y-DNA

1,914 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
R
1,043 · 54.5% 28k years
R1b-L23
947 · 49.5% 6,400 years
L51
923 · 48.2% 6,100 years
P312
628 · 32.8% 4,900 years
DF27
429 · 22.4% 4,700 years
Z195
133 · 6.9% 4,600 years
L21
115 · 6.0% 4,700 years
DF13
81 · 4.2% 4,600 years
Z39589
53 · 2.8% 4,500 years
U152
50 · 2.6% 4,700 years
U106
73 · 3.8% 5,000 years
E
265 · 13.8% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
241 · 12.6% 25k years
E-M81
97 · 5.1% 4,500 years
PF2546
70 · 3.7% 2,400 years
E-M78
74 · 3.9% 15k years
V13
48 · 2.5% 5,200 years
J
245 · 12.8% 30k years
J2
160 · 8.4% 28k years
J2a
102 · 5.3% 20k years
J1
79 · 4.1% 19k years
L620
61 · 3.2% 15k years
P58
51 · 2.7% 9,800 years
I
161 · 8.4% 35k years
I2
84 · 4.4% 25k years
I1
75 · 3.9% 20k years
DF29
66 · 3.4% 4,500 years
G
106 · 5.5% 28k years
G2a
84 · 4.4% 19k years
T
62 · 3.2% 28k years
other
32 · 1.7%

Among the rest: L 11, Q 7, N 5, C 3, H 3, O 2, K 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

906 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
354 · 39.1% 11k years
H1
156 · 17.2% 7,900 years
H1c
34 · 3.8% 5,300 years
H1e
25 · 2.8% 6,300 years
H1-T16189C!
21 · 2.3%
H3
62 · 6.8% 6,700 years
H6a1
21 · 2.3% 7,900 years
U
107 · 11.8% 51k years
U5a'b
57 · 6.3% 30k years
U5b
38 · 4.2% 25k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
27 · 3.0% 50k years
U6a'b'd
23 · 2.5% 28k years
U6a
19 · 2.1% 23k years
J
70 · 7.7% 35k years
J1
52 · 5.7% 28k years
J1c
45 · 5.0% 13k years
J1c2
19 · 2.1% 6,200 years
T
68 · 7.5% 20k years
T2
55 · 6.1% 15k years
T2b
36 · 4.0% 8,500 years
L1'2'3'4'5'6'7
64 · 7.1%
L2'3'4'6
46 · 5.1% 97k years
L2a'b'c'd
28 · 3.1% 82k years
L2a1
22 · 2.4% 15k years
K
60 · 6.6% 29k years
K1
52 · 5.7% 23k years
K1a
41 · 4.5% 11k years
V
45 · 5.0% 7,500 years
HV
25 · 2.8% 13k years
M1
22 · 2.4% 26k years
other
91 · 10.0%

Among the rest: B 10.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Portugal: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • E-M81 E-M81: 97 kits · 5.1% (95% confidence interval: 4–6%) (×9.3) 4,500 years
  • R-ZZ12_1: 286 kits · 14.9% (95% confidence interval: 13–17%) (×7.3) 4,600 years
  • E-PF2546 E-PF2546: 70 kits · 3.7% (95% confidence interval: 3–5%) (×9.1) 2,400 years
  • R-DF27 R1b-DF27: 429 kits · 22.4% (95% confidence interval: 21–24%) (×4.8) 4,700 years
  • R-FTT1: 95 kits · 5.0% (95% confidence interval: 4–6%) (×4.5) 4,600 years
  • E-Z827: 140 kits · 7.3% (95% confidence interval: 6–9%) (×3.4) 25k years
  • R-Z278: 35 kits · 1.8% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×4.4) 3,300 years
  • R-Z295: 50 kits · 2.6% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×3.7) 4,100 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

3–22%23–35%36–45%46–59%60–90%Portugalunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Spain 90%
  2. Brazil 87%
  3. France 80%
  4. Puerto Rico 77%
  5. Italy 75%
  6. Cuba 74%
  7. Mexico 73%
  8. Colombia 71%
  9. Belgium 70%
  10. Germany 69%
  11. Switzerland 69%
  12. England 68%
  13. United Kingdom 67%
  14. Chile 65%
  15. Canada 65%
  16. Netherlands 65%
  17. United States 65%
  18. Austria 63%
  19. Argentina 63%
  20. Wales 63%
  21. Greece 60%
  22. Dominican Republic 59%
  23. Hungary 59%
  24. Romania 58%
  25. Luxembourg 56%
  26. Scotland 56%
  27. England (Cornish) 55%
  28. Czech Republic 53%
  29. Poland 53%
  30. Australia 52%
  31. Denmark 52%
  32. Ukraine 52%
  33. United States (Native American) 51%
  34. South Africa 51%
  35. Italy (Sicily) 51%
  36. Lebanon 51%
  37. Ireland 50%
  38. Belarus 50%
  39. Turkey 50%
  40. Bulgaria 50%
  41. Peru 49%
  42. Northern Ireland 49%
  43. Israel 49%
  44. Slovakia 48%
  45. Morocco 45%
  46. Russia 45%
  47. Lithuania 45%
  48. Egypt 45%
  49. Syria 45%
  50. Iran 44%
  51. Armenia 44%
  52. Moldova 43%
  53. Algeria 43%
  54. Iraq 42%
  55. Tunisia 41%
  56. Latvia 41%
  57. Slovenia 41%
  58. Azerbaijan 41%
  59. Palestine 39%
  60. Norway 37%
  61. Macedonia 37%
  62. Bahrain 37%
  63. Jamaica 36%
  64. Sweden 36%
  65. Libya 36%
  66. New Zealand 35%
  67. United Arab Emirates 35%
  68. Kuwait 35%
  69. Serbia 34%
  70. Georgia 34%
  71. Croatia 34%
  72. Saudi Arabia 33%
  73. Jordan 32%
  74. Albania 32%
  75. Qatar 32%
  76. Uzbekistan 30%
  77. Tajikistan 27%
  78. Afghanistan 27%
  79. Oman 27%
  80. Yemen 27%
  81. Sudan 26%
  82. Iceland 25%
  83. Dagestan 25%
  84. Tatarstan 25%
  85. Kazakhstan 25%
  86. India 24%
  87. Bosnia and Herzegovina 24%
  88. Montenegro 24%
  89. Pakistan 23%
  90. Adygea 22%
  91. Bashkortostan 22%
  92. Isle of Man 21%
  93. Estonia 17%
  94. Chechnya 16%
  95. Mordovia 15%
  96. Sri Lanka 15%
  97. Chuvashia 15%
  98. Somalia 15%
  99. Finland 15%
  100. Philippines 12%
  101. Ingushetia 11%
  102. Indonesia 10%
  103. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 10%
  104. China 8%
  105. Nigeria 8%
  106. Cameroon 7%
  107. Mongolia 7%
  108. Ghana 5%
  109. South Korea 4%
  110. Vietnam 3%
  111. Karelia 3%
  112. Japan 3%

Portugal: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • H3y: 11 kits · 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×25.7)
  • M1a: 17 kits · 1.9% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×11.5)
  • U6a: 19 kits · 2.1% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×7.7)
  • L1b: 12 kits · 1.3% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×4.6)
  • L2a: 22 kits · 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×3.4)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–32%33–53%54–65%66–72%73–80%Portugalunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. United States 80%
  2. Spain 79%
  3. France 78%
  4. England 76%
  5. Germany 76%
  6. United Kingdom 76%
  7. Italy 75%
  8. Scotland 74%
  9. Canada 74%
  10. Ireland 74%
  11. Netherlands 73%
  12. Sweden 73%
  13. Norway 72%
  14. Czech Republic 72%
  15. Belgium 72%
  16. Switzerland 72%
  17. Austria 71%
  18. Poland 71%
  19. Hungary 71%
  20. Wales 71%
  21. Northern Ireland 70%
  22. Denmark 69%
  23. Russia 68%
  24. Algeria 67%
  25. Slovakia 67%
  26. Ukraine 67%
  27. United States (Native American) 66%
  28. Romania 66%
  29. Morocco 65%
  30. Bulgaria 63%
  31. Croatia 63%
  32. Lithuania 63%
  33. Slovenia 62%
  34. Australia 61%
  35. Greece 61%
  36. Serbia 60%
  37. Latvia 60%
  38. Belarus 59%
  39. Estonia 59%
  40. Finland 58%
  41. Bosnia and Herzegovina 56%
  42. Israel 56%
  43. Brazil 53%
  44. Syria 51%
  45. Cuba 51%
  46. Turkey 50%
  47. Moldova 50%
  48. Egypt 46%
  49. Chechnya 43%
  50. South Africa 43%
  51. Armenia 43%
  52. Lebanon 41%
  53. Saudi Arabia 41%
  54. New Zealand 39%
  55. Iraq 38%
  56. Dominican Republic 35%
  57. Iran 32%
  58. Kuwait 32%
  59. Puerto Rico 32%
  60. United Arab Emirates 31%
  61. Mexico 28%
  62. Argentina 28%
  63. Jamaica 27%
  64. India 19%
  65. Canada (First Nations) 18%
  66. Colombia 18%
  67. Chile 13%
  68. China 7%
  69. Japan 3%
  70. South Korea 0%
  71. Philippines 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

1,914
FTDNA
kits
163
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
R R-M207
54.5% · 48.5%−6
R1b-L23 R-L23
49.5% · 46.0%−3.5
L51 R-L51
48.2% · 46.0%−2.2
E E-M96
13.8% · 18.4%+4.6
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
12.6% · 17.8%+5.2
E-M81
5.1% · 9.2%+4.1
E-M78
3.9% · 5.5%+1.7
J J-M304
12.8% · 14.7%+1.9
J2 J-M172
8.4% · 7.4%−1
J2a J-M410
5.3% · 3.7%−1.6
J1 J-M267
4.1% · 7.4%+3.2
L620 J-L620
3.2% · 7.4%+4.2
I I-L758
8.4% · 7.4%−1
I2 I-P215
4.4% · 3.1%−1.3
I1 I-M253
3.9% · 4.3%+0.4
DF29 I-DF29
3.4% · 4.3%+0.8
G G-M201
5.5% · 5.5%0
G2a G-P15
4.4% · 5.5%+1.1
T T-M184
3.2% · 4.3%+1.1

mtDNA

906
FTDNA
kits
60
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
39.1% · 46.7%+7.6
H1
17.2% · 16.7%−0.6
H1c
3.8% · 8.3%+4.6
H1e
2.8% · 3.3%+0.6
H1-T16189C!
2.3% · 0.0%−2.3
H3
6.8% · 10.0%+3.2
H6a1
2.3% · 5.0%+2.7
U
11.8% · 16.7%+4.9
U5a'b
6.3% · 10.0%+3.7
U5b
4.2% · 5.0%+0.8
U2'3'4'7'8'9
3.0% · 5.0%+2
U6a'b'd
2.5% · 1.7%−0.9
U6a
2.1% · 0.0%−2.1
J
7.7% · 6.7%−1.1
J1
5.7% · 1.7%−4.1
J1c
5.0% · 1.7%−3.3
T
7.5% · 8.3%+0.8
T2
6.1% · 5.0%−1.1
T2b
4.0% · 3.3%−0.6
L1'2'3'4'5'6'7
7.1% · 6.7%−0.4
L2'3'4'6
5.1% · 5.0%−0.1
L2a'b'c'd
3.1% · 3.3%+0.2
K
6.6% · 1.7%−5
K1
5.7% · 1.7%−4.1
K1a
4.5% · 1.7%−2.9
V
5.0% · 3.3%−1.6
HV
2.8% · 1.7%−1.1
M1
2.4% · 1.7%−0.8

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Regions with a page of their own are not included here: they are counted apart.

Y-DNA FTDNA 1,914 · Projects 402

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
R R-M207
54.5% · 52.2%−2.3
R1b-L23 R-L23
49.5% · 39.1%−10.4
L51 R-L51
48.2% · 38.6%−9.7
P312 R-P312
32.8% · 30.6%−2.2
DF27 R-DF27
22.4% · 19.4%−3
Z195 R-Z195
6.9% · 4.0%−3
L21 R-L21
6.0% · 6.0%0
E E-M96
13.8% · 14.2%+0.3
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
12.6% · 13.9%+1.3
J J-M304
12.8% · 13.2%+0.4
J2 J-M172
8.4% · 7.0%−1.4
J2a J-M410
5.3% · 3.0%−2.3
I I-L758
8.4% · 10.2%+1.8
G G-M201
5.5% · 6.2%+0.7

mtDNA FTDNA 906 · Projects 208

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
39.1% · 37.0%−2.1
H1
17.2% · 13.0%−4.2
H3
6.8% · 3.4%−3.5
U
11.8% · 16.3%+4.5
U5a'b
6.3% · 4.8%−1.5
J
7.7% · 8.7%+0.9
J1
5.7% · 4.8%−0.9
T
7.5% · 5.8%−1.7
T2
6.1% · 4.3%−1.7
L1'2'3'4'5'6'7
7.1% · 4.8%−2.3
L2'3'4'6
5.1% · 4.8%−0.3
K
6.6% · 6.3%−0.4
K1
5.7% · 4.3%−1.4
V
5.0% · 3.8%−1.1
431
Y-DNA · People on the map
402 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 428 such votes
79%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
208
mtDNA · People on the map
208 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 207 such votes
84%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
R-P312 +7.7
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 32.8%, YFull 40.5%
36% / 20%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 35.8 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 31.2
20%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
30%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
30%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.47
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+5
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+2
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

Subregions #

Each bar is all the kits of one place; a colour is a group of haplogroups. The “Portugal” line holds kits that name only the country, without a region. A faded line has fewer than 20 kits; its shares are unreliable.

Y-DNA

R-Z46516R1b-L21rest of RE-Z827E-CTS5856rest of EJ-CTS7683rest of JIother
Portugal no region 1,914
Azores 59
Madeira 12

mtDNA

H1rest of HU5rest of UKTLJVother
Portugal no region 906
Azores 40
Madeira 6
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Brazil 10 0.04 264.2 unlikely by chance p < 0.001

Ancient relatives of male lines #

Which cultures of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) the local male lines lead to most closely. The share is how many kits lead to a culture; the range is in brackets.

Portugal Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: 57.0% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian ≈ 2,200–2,300 BCE 57%? 43%
Portugal Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1b: 50.6% R1b Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 48.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 2.3% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · G2a: 0.5% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: G2a → G2a 0.5% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I1: 1.9% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I1 → I1 1.9% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2a: 0.2% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2a → I2a 0.2% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1a: 1.5% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 1.0% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 0.5% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2b: 1.1% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 0.7% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 0.4% R1b 53% E1b1b 13% J2a 5% G2a 4% J1 4% I1 4% T 3% … 11%
Left: the major branches through which the lines lead to a culture; right: all major branches. Grey: the part of a branch without ancient relatives of this era.
How it is counted
  • Branches of the era. We take the ancient samples whose date falls inside the era, and compare the lines as they stood 1,500 years before the era ends.
  • A culture’s profile is the share of its lines on those branches. The number of samples does not change a weight: a culture of seven men weighs as much as one of a hundred and twenty.
  • A shallow test. An ancient man typed above the cut is spread over the branches under his node, by how many men each holds now. Today’s kits are treated the same way.
  • Who is admitted. A culture takes part when its sharply typed men cover 25% of the population on their own: branch by branch we add the smaller of the two shares, the culture’s and the population’s. One dug within 550 km needs only 0.5%.
  • The shares. We pick the weights of the cultures so that their mixture comes as close as it can to today’s set of branches.
  • Look-alike cultures. When cultures share almost all their branches, the data cannot say whose kin the men are. So we do not split the share between them: they get one bar.
  • The range. We recount everything on random subsets of the samples. In brackets are the bounds the share keeps in nine runs out of ten. A share that can fall below 5%, or below half of itself, is not shown at all.
  • “Fragile”: the share rests on a few samples, or a random shuffle of cultures gives as much.

What it does not mean. This is kinship of male lines, not the origin of a people. The female lines say nothing here. Who takes a test is a matter of chance, so the shares compare between countries, not with a census.

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 66 samples by Y-DNA and 6 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 5,397 BCE, Iberian Hunter-Gatherer.

Medieval Portuguese 15 · Chalcolithic Iberian 12 · Neolithic Iberian 10 · Bronze Age Iberian 8 · Bell Beaker culture 5

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 1,914 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 906 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 163 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 60 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Portugal: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/portugal/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.