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Iraq: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 3,219 kits with a Y-DNA result and 145 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are J1 — 34%, J2 — 22% and E1b1b-M35 — 10%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 24%, T2 — 15% and U — 10%. YFull has 897 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is almost the same. The largest gap is J1-L858: 26% on FTDNA against 37% on YFull.

Compare with…
14.5
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 57 of 123 among countries. About 23 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
0.3
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 73 of 93 among countries. About 45 million people (UN, 2023)

Mitotree, the mt tree of FTDNA Discover, has about 30 more samples from here that the public mt tree lacks: mostly academic studies, GenBank among them (copy of 11 November 2026). This page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Paternal line · Y-DNA

3,219 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
J
1,813 · 56.3% 30k years
J1
1,107 · 34.4% 19k years
L858
822 · 25.5% 4,900 years
FGC11
738 · 22.9% 4,800 years
FGC1707
359 · 11.2% 2,700 years
J2
704 · 21.9% 28k years
J2a
510 · 15.8% 20k years
Z2222
193 · 6.0% 16k years
L25
105 · 3.3% 8,800 years
M67
97 · 3.0% 13k years
R
376 · 11.7% 28k years
R1b-M269
148 · 4.6% 6,500 years
L23
136 · 4.2% 6,400 years
Z2103 (M12149)
122 · 3.8% 5,700 years
R1a-M198
133 · 4.1% 8,500 years
Z93
113 · 3.5% 4,700 years
E
366 · 11.4% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
330 · 10.3% 25k years
E-M78
163 · 5.1% 15k years
V22
88 · 2.7% 8,700 years
E-Z830
132 · 4.1% 20k years
M34
110 · 3.4% 15k years
M84
65 · 2.0% 9,500 years
T
206 · 6.4% 28k years
P77
79 · 2.5% 5,500 years
CTS6507
65 · 2.0% 4,200 years
G
190 · 5.9% 28k years
G2a
107 · 3.3% 19k years
L
78 · 2.4% 24k years
Q
65 · 2.0% 30k years
other
125 · 3.9%

Among the rest: H 26, I 23, C 20, O 17, B 11, A 10, N 8, K 5, F 3, D 2.

Maternal line · mtDNA

145 kits · 25 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
35 · 24.1% 11k years
H13a2b1
5 · 3.4% 3,200 years
H14
3 of 145 9,400 years
T
27 · 18.6% 20k years
T2
22 · 15.2% 15k years
T2c1a1
15 · 10.3% 1,700 years
T1a
3 of 145 13k years
J1
20 · 13.8% 28k years
J1b
12 · 8.3% 19k years
J1b2
6 · 4.1% 7,200 years
J1b1
3 of 145 18k years
J1d
5 · 3.4% 17k years
J1c
3 of 145 13k years
U
14 · 9.7% 51k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
10 · 6.9% 50k years
U3b
4 of 145 14k years
U7a
3 of 145 14k years
U1a1
3 of 145 21k years
HV
8 · 5.5% 13k years
L3
4 of 145 66k years
M
4 of 145 53k years
X1'2'3
4 of 145 27k years
K1a
4 of 145 11k years
N1a3a
3 of 145 7,800 years
R0a-60.1T
3 of 145
other
19 · 13.1%

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Iraq: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • J-FGC4422: 273 kits · 8.5% (95% confidence interval: 8–9%) (×16.1) 3,100 years
  • J-FGC1695: 668 kits · 20.8% (95% confidence interval: 19–22%) (×7.2) 3,200 years
  • J-FGC2: 117 kits · 3.6% (95% confidence interval: 3–4%) (×8.9) 1,500 years
  • J-L858 J1-L858: 822 kits · 25.5% (95% confidence interval: 24–27%) (×6.2) 4,900 years
  • J-FGC5: 149 kits · 4.6% (95% confidence interval: 4–5%) (×8.0) 1,900 years
  • T-Z709: 105 kits · 3.3% (95% confidence interval: 3–4%) (×7.5) 8,000 years
  • J-M267 J1: 1,107 kits · 34.4% (95% confidence interval: 33–36%) (×4.9) 19k years
  • J-FGC1721: 325 kits · 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 9–11%) (×5.9) 2,200 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

2–16%17–26%27–41%42–56%57–92%Iraqunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Syria 92%
  2. Iran 87%
  3. Kuwait 85%
  4. Bahrain 85%
  5. Lebanon 83%
  6. Qatar 82%
  7. United Arab Emirates 80%
  8. Saudi Arabia 80%
  9. Jordan 79%
  10. Turkey 78%
  11. Palestine 78%
  12. Egypt 77%
  13. Azerbaijan 75%
  14. Armenia 69%
  15. Oman 65%
  16. Greece 64%
  17. Israel 62%
  18. Yemen 60%
  19. Italy 58%
  20. Tajikistan 57%
  21. Tunisia 57%
  22. Georgia 56%
  23. Sudan 56%
  24. Romania 56%
  25. Algeria 54%
  26. Morocco 53%
  27. Pakistan 53%
  28. Uzbekistan 51%
  29. Italy (Sicily) 49%
  30. Belarus 49%
  31. Ukraine 49%
  32. Afghanistan 48%
  33. Hungary 48%
  34. Russia 47%
  35. Lithuania 47%
  36. India 46%
  37. Bulgaria 46%
  38. Austria 46%
  39. Moldova 45%
  40. Dagestan 45%
  41. Spain 44%
  42. Libya 44%
  43. Portugal 42%
  44. Kazakhstan 41%
  45. Latvia 41%
  46. Poland 40%
  47. Brazil 38%
  48. Macedonia 36%
  49. Sri Lanka 36%
  50. Mexico 36%
  51. Slovakia 36%
  52. Adygea 34%
  53. Chechnya 34%
  54. Germany 34%
  55. Colombia 33%
  56. Cuba 33%
  57. Switzerland 32%
  58. Czech Republic 31%
  59. France 31%
  60. Puerto Rico 30%
  61. Netherlands 29%
  62. Albania 29%
  63. Belgium 28%
  64. Argentina 28%
  65. Bashkortostan 27%
  66. South Africa 26%
  67. Tatarstan 26%
  68. Serbia 26%
  69. Chile 25%
  70. Croatia 24%
  71. Dominican Republic 24%
  72. Luxembourg 22%
  73. United Kingdom 22%
  74. United States 22%
  75. Ingushetia 22%
  76. England 22%
  77. Peru 21%
  78. Slovenia 21%
  79. United States (Native American) 21%
  80. Jamaica 20%
  81. Montenegro 20%
  82. Somalia 20%
  83. Canada 19%
  84. Bosnia and Herzegovina 18%
  85. Australia 18%
  86. Chuvashia 17%
  87. Indonesia 17%
  88. China 17%
  89. Wales 16%
  90. Denmark 16%
  91. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 16%
  92. Scotland 16%
  93. Mongolia 15%
  94. Philippines 15%
  95. Ireland 13%
  96. Mordovia 13%
  97. Cameroon 12%
  98. Northern Ireland 12%
  99. Sweden 11%
  100. New Zealand 10%
  101. Norway 10%
  102. Japan 8%
  103. South Korea 8%
  104. Nigeria 7%
  105. Estonia 7%
  106. England (Cornish) 6%
  107. Ghana 6%
  108. Iceland 6%
  109. Vietnam 5%
  110. Finland 4%
  111. Karelia 4%
  112. Isle of Man 2%

Iraq: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • T2c: 16 kits · 11.0% (95% confidence interval: 7–17%) (×23.6)
  • H13a: 10 kits · 6.9% (95% confidence interval: 4–12%) (×7.5)
  • J1b: 12 kits · 8.3% (95% confidence interval: 5–14%) (×6.8)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–25%26–35%36–39%40–43%44–66%Iraqunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Iran 66%
  2. Turkey 62%
  3. United Arab Emirates 61%
  4. Saudi Arabia 60%
  5. Syria 59%
  6. Armenia 57%
  7. Kuwait 56%
  8. Italy 53%
  9. Lebanon 51%
  10. Bulgaria 48%
  11. Greece 48%
  12. Egypt 48%
  13. Algeria 45%
  14. Israel 44%
  15. Belarus 43%
  16. Bosnia and Herzegovina 43%
  17. Russia 43%
  18. Chechnya 43%
  19. Poland 42%
  20. Romania 42%
  21. Hungary 42%
  22. Austria 42%
  23. Ukraine 41%
  24. Czech Republic 41%
  25. France 41%
  26. Switzerland 41%
  27. Lithuania 40%
  28. Germany 39%
  29. Slovakia 39%
  30. Belgium 38%
  31. United States 38%
  32. Portugal 38%
  33. Latvia 38%
  34. Spain 37%
  35. Netherlands 37%
  36. United Kingdom 36%
  37. Estonia 36%
  38. Scotland 36%
  39. England 36%
  40. Moldova 36%
  41. Denmark 35%
  42. Sweden 35%
  43. Ireland 35%
  44. Canada 35%
  45. Norway 34%
  46. Slovenia 34%
  47. Wales 34%
  48. Serbia 33%
  49. Croatia 33%
  50. Northern Ireland 33%
  51. United States (Native American) 32%
  52. Morocco 31%
  53. Australia 28%
  54. New Zealand 27%
  55. India 26%
  56. Finland 26%
  57. South Africa 25%
  58. Brazil 25%
  59. Cuba 22%
  60. Dominican Republic 20%
  61. Mexico 16%
  62. Jamaica 15%
  63. Argentina 14%
  64. Puerto Rico 14%
  65. Colombia 7%
  66. China 7%
  67. Japan 6%
  68. Canada (First Nations) 5%
  69. Chile 3%
  70. South Korea 3%
  71. Philippines 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

3,219
FTDNA
kits
897
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
J J-M304
56.3% · 59.5%+3.2
J1 J-M267
34.4% · 40.8%+6.4
L858 J-L858
25.5% · 36.7%+11.1
J2 J-M172
21.9% · 18.7%−3.1
J2a J-M410
15.8% · 15.9%+0.1
R R-M207
11.7% · 7.6%−4.1
R1b-M269 R-M269
4.6% · 2.7%−1.9
L23 R-L23
4.2% · 2.2%−2
R1a-M198 R-M198
4.1% · 2.3%−1.8
Z93 R-Z93
3.5% · 2.1%−1.4
E E-M96
11.4% · 12.9%+1.6
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
10.3% · 11.9%+1.7
E-M78
5.1% · 6.8%+1.7
E-Z830 E-CTS10298
4.1% · 4.5%+0.4
T T-M184
6.4% · 9.3%+2.9
P77 T-P77
2.5% · 3.6%+1.1
CTS6507 T-CTS6507
2.0% · 3.3%+1.3
G G-M201
5.9% · 3.6%−2.3
G2a G-P15
3.3% · 3.1%−0.2
L L-M20
2.4% · 4.6%+2.1
Q Q-M242
2.0% · 1.4%−0.6

mtDNA

YFull has fewer than 30 samples from this country, too few to compare. 26 samples on YFull

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Regions with a page of their own are not included here: they are counted apart.

Y-DNA FTDNA 3,219 · Projects 1,236

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
J J-M304
56.3% · 56.1%−0.2
J1 J-M267
34.4% · 37.0%+2.6
L858 J-L858
25.5% · 23.1%−2.4
FGC11 J-FGC11
22.9% · 21.4%−1.5
FGC1707 J-FGC1707
11.2% · 8.7%−2.5
J2 J-M172
21.9% · 19.2%−2.7
J2a J-M410
15.8% · 13.1%−2.7
Z2222 J-PF5160
6.0% · 4.6%−1.4
R R-M207
11.7% · 14.3%+2.6
E E-M96
11.4% · 10.5%−0.9
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
10.3% · 9.5%−0.7
E-M78
5.1% · 3.7%−1.3
T T-M184
6.4% · 5.0%−1.4
G G-M201
5.9% · 6.0%+0.1

mtDNA FTDNA 145 · Projects 58

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
24.1% · 17.2%−6.9
H13a2b1
3.4% · 5.2%+1.7
T
18.6% · 20.7%+2.1
T2
15.2% · 15.5%+0.3
T2c1a1
10.3% · 10.3%0
J1
13.8% · 15.5%+1.7
J1b
8.3% · 13.8%+5.5
J1b2
4.1% · 10.3%+6.2
J1d
3.4% · 0.0%−3.4
U
9.7% · 10.3%+0.7
U2'3'4'7'8'9
6.9% · 10.3%+3.4
HV
5.5% · 3.4%−2.1
X1'2'3
2.8% · 3.4%+0.7
K1a
2.8% · 0.0%−2.8
1,257
Y-DNA · People on the map
1,236 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 1,206 such votes
81%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
58
mtDNA · People on the map
58 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 56 such votes
91%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
J-L858 +11.1
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 25.5%, YFull 36.7%
42% / 23%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 36.4 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 29.6
23%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
39%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
43%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+49
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+2
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+12
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

Subregions #

Each bar is all the kits of one place; a colour is a group of haplogroups. The “Iraq” line holds kits that name only the country, without a region. A faded line has fewer than 20 kits; its shares are unreliable.

Y-DNA

J-Z2217J2rest of JR1b-M269R1a-Z94rest of REGTother
Iraq no region 3,219
Kurdistan 54

mtDNA

HTUJXHVLNRother
Iraq no region 145
Kurdistan 6
YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading
Al Basrah IQ-BA 164 4 J-FGC1707 J1-FGC1707 27%, J-M410 J2a 18%, E-M35 E1b1b-M35 15%
Baghdad IQ-BG 163 9 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 31%, J-M410 J2a 20%, E-M78 E-M78 12%
Al Anbar IQ-AN 118 · J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 30%, J-M410 J2a 15%, T-CTS6507 T-CTS6507 8%
Dhi Qar IQ-DQ 62 2 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 35%, L-M27 L-M27 13%, J-Z640 J1-Z640 8%
Ninawa IQ-NI 51 4 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 37%, J-M410 J2a 24%, E-M35 E1b1b-M35 6%
Diyala IQ-DI 41 · J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 34%, J-M172 J2 17%, E-CTS10298 E-Z830 10%
Salah ad Din IQ-SD 32 2 J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 47%, J-M410 J2a 16%, T-M184 T 9%
Maysan IQ-MA 32 1 J-PF4638 J1-Z2313 34%, J-M410 J2a 19%, E-M78 E-M78 13%
Kirkuk IQ-KI 31 · J-M267 J1 65%, J-M410 J2a 10%, R-M207 R 10%
Babil IQ-BB 24 · J-FGC11 J1-FGC11 42%, J-PF5160 J2a-Z2222 13%, L-M20 L 13%
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Saudi Arabia 40 11.8 3.4 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Kuwait 28 10.5 2.7 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Syria 11 0.94 11.7 unlikely by chance p < 0.001

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 14 samples by Y-DNA and 1 sample by mtDNA. The oldest: 8,750 BCE, Neolithic Mesopotamian.

Bronze Age Mesopotamian 4 · Isin-Larsa period 4 · Neolithic Mesopotamian 2 · Old Babylonian 1 · Iron Age Mesopotamian 1

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 3,219 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 145 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 897 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 26 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Iraq: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/iraq/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.