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Montenegro: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 195 kits with a Y-DNA result and 63 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are I2a-CTS10228 — 22%, E-V13 — 20% and R1b-CTS7556 — 16%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 44%, U — 29% and J1c — 6%. YFull has 188 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is almost the same. The largest gap is I2a-CTS10228: 22% on FTDNA against 37% on YFull.

Compare with…
64.0
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 15 of 123 among countries. About 305,000 men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
9.9
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 24 of 93 among countries. About 634,000 people (UN, 2023)

Paternal line · Y-DNA

195 kits · 21 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
I
62 · 31.8% 35k years
I2
50 · 25.6% 25k years
I2a-CTS10228
43 · 22.1% 3,300 years
L38
3 of 195 4,800 years
I1-Z2338
11 · 5.6% 3,800 years
R
54 · 27.7% 28k years
R1b-L23
39 · 20.0% 6,400 years
CTS7556
32 · 16.4% 5,100 years
L51
6 · 3.1% 6,100 years
L2
3 of 195 4,600 years
R1a-Z282
14 · 7.2% 4,800 years
Z280
9 · 4.6% 4,700 years
Y35
5 · 2.6% 4,300 years
Z92
3 of 195 4,200 years
M458
4 of 195 4,300 years
E-V13
39 · 20.0% 5,200 years
J2
19 · 9.7% 28k years
J2a-M92
8 · 4.1% 8,000 years
J2b-Z600
7 · 3.6% 5,400 years
G2a
4 of 195 19k years
N-Y6503
4 of 195 14k years
other
13 · 6.7%

Among the rest: T 2, L 1, Q 1, C 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

63 kits · 10 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
28 · 44% 11k years
H1
4 of 63 7,900 years
H4
3 of 63 11k years
H5a
3 of 63 7,700 years
H11a
3 of 63 6,400 years
U
18 · 29% 51k years
U4
6 · 10% 22k years
U1a1a
3 of 63 17k years
U5b1b1-T16192C!
3 of 63
J1c
4 of 63 13k years
other
13 · 21%

Among the rest: D 2, I 2, W 2, V 2, HV 2.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself.

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

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The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Montenegro: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • I-Y3548: 39 kits · 20.0% (95% confidence interval: 15–26%) (×35.8) 2,300 years
  • R-CTS7822 R1b-Z2110: 32 kits · 16.4% (95% confidence interval: 12–22%) (×34.0) 5,400 years
  • E-BY3880: 34 kits · 17.4% (95% confidence interval: 13–23%) (×14.5) 4,300 years
  • E-S2979: 16 kits · 8.2% (95% confidence interval: 5–13%) (×16.6) 3,700 years
  • E-V13 E-V13: 39 kits · 20.0% (95% confidence interval: 15–26%) (×11.1) 5,200 years
  • I-P109: 11 kits · 5.6% (95% confidence interval: 3–10%) (×6.6) 3,600 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

1–10%11–16%17–21%22–32%33–72%Montenegrounder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Bosnia and Herzegovina 72%
  2. Serbia 71%
  3. Macedonia 66%
  4. Bulgaria 64%
  5. Croatia 63%
  6. Albania 63%
  7. Greece 51%
  8. Slovakia 49%
  9. Czech Republic 49%
  10. Hungary 48%
  11. Romania 47%
  12. Ukraine 47%
  13. Slovenia 46%
  14. Austria 46%
  15. Poland 42%
  16. Moldova 40%
  17. Russia 40%
  18. Italy 40%
  19. Chuvashia 35%
  20. Belarus 35%
  21. Italy (Sicily) 34%
  22. Germany 34%
  23. Lithuania 32%
  24. Bashkortostan 32%
  25. Switzerland 32%
  26. Turkey 32%
  27. Mordovia 31%
  28. Latvia 29%
  29. Tatarstan 28%
  30. France 26%
  31. Armenia 26%
  32. Estonia 25%
  33. Spain 25%
  34. Azerbaijan 25%
  35. Brazil 24%
  36. Denmark 24%
  37. Portugal 24%
  38. Belgium 24%
  39. Lebanon 24%
  40. Canada 23%
  41. Netherlands 22%
  42. Syria 22%
  43. Georgia 22%
  44. Cuba 22%
  45. England 21%
  46. Chile 21%
  47. United States 21%
  48. Iraq 20%
  49. Puerto Rico 20%
  50. Luxembourg 20%
  51. Mexico 20%
  52. United Kingdom 20%
  53. Iran 20%
  54. Australia 19%
  55. Argentina 19%
  56. Sweden 19%
  57. Kazakhstan 18%
  58. South Africa 18%
  59. Uzbekistan 18%
  60. Dagestan 18%
  61. Israel 17%
  62. Adygea 17%
  63. Palestine 17%
  64. Wales 17%
  65. Colombia 17%
  66. Bahrain 17%
  67. Qatar 16%
  68. Jamaica 16%
  69. Norway 16%
  70. Egypt 16%
  71. Morocco 15%
  72. Tunisia 15%
  73. United States (Native American) 15%
  74. Algeria 15%
  75. Scotland 15%
  76. England (Cornish) 14%
  77. Jordan 14%
  78. Dominican Republic 14%
  79. Karelia 13%
  80. Ireland 13%
  81. Northern Ireland 13%
  82. Kuwait 13%
  83. United Arab Emirates 13%
  84. Saudi Arabia 12%
  85. Tajikistan 11%
  86. Peru 11%
  87. Afghanistan 11%
  88. Finland 11%
  89. Pakistan 10%
  90. New Zealand 10%
  91. Oman 10%
  92. Libya 10%
  93. Chechnya 9%
  94. Sudan 9%
  95. Yemen 9%
  96. India 8%
  97. Iceland 7%
  98. China 6%
  99. South Korea 6%
  100. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 5%
  101. Mongolia 5%
  102. Japan 4%
  103. Sri Lanka 4%
  104. Ingushetia 4%
  105. Indonesia 3%
  106. Vietnam 3%
  107. Somalia 3%
  108. Philippines 3%
  109. Cameroon 3%
  110. Isle of Man 2%
  111. Nigeria 2%
  112. Ghana 1%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

195
FTDNA
kits
188
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
I I-L758
31.8% · 41.5%+9.7
I2 I-P215
25.6% · 37.8%+12.1
I2a-CTS10228 I-CTS10228
22.1% · 36.7%+14.7
L38 I-L38
1.5% · 0.5%−1
I1-Z2338 I-Z2338
5.6% · 2.7%−3
R R-M207
27.7% · 27.1%−0.6
R1b-L23 R-L23
20.0% · 19.1%−0.9
CTS7556 R-CTS7556
16.4% · 18.1%+1.7
L51 R-L51
3.1% · 1.1%−2
R1a-Z282 R-Z282
7.2% · 7.4%+0.3
Z280 R-Z280
4.6% · 5.3%+0.7
M458 R-M458
2.1% · 1.6%−0.5
E-V13
20.0% · 18.1%−1.9
J2 J-M172
9.7% · 7.4%−2.3
J2a-M92 J-M92
4.1% · 3.2%−0.9
J2b-Z600 J-Z600
3.6% · 2.1%−1.5
G2a G-P15
2.1% · 1.1%−1
N-Y6503 N-B482
2.1% · 2.7%+0.6

mtDNA

63
FTDNA
kits
58
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
44.4% · 53.4%+9
H1
6.3% · 5.2%−1.2
H4
4.8% · 3.4%−1.3
H5a
4.8% · 1.7%−3
H11a
4.8% · 3.4%−1.3
U
28.6% · 22.4%−6.2
U4
9.5% · 6.9%−2.6
U1a1a
4.8% · 0.0%−4.8
U5b1b1-T16192C!
4.8% · 1.7%−3
J1c
6.3% · 6.9%+0.5

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 195 · Projects 98

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
I I-L758
31.8% · 37.8%+6
I2 I-P215
25.6% · 33.7%+8
I2a-CTS10228 I-CTS10228
22.1% · 21.4%−0.6
I1-Z2338 I-Z2338
5.6% · 3.1%−2.6
R R-M207
27.7% · 17.3%−10.3
R1b-L23 R-L23
20.0% · 8.2%−11.8
CTS7556 R-CTS7556
16.4% · 8.2%−8.2
L51 R-L51
3.1% · 0.0%−3.1
R1a-Z282 R-Z282
7.2% · 5.1%−2.1
Z280 R-Z280
4.6% · 3.1%−1.6
E-V13
20.0% · 20.4%+0.4
J2 J-M172
9.7% · 13.3%+3.5
J2a-M92 J-M92
4.1% · 2.0%−2.1
J2b-Z600 J-Z600
3.6% · 3.1%−0.5
98
Y-DNA · People on the map
98 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 98 such votes
74%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
95%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
I-CTS10228 +14.7
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 22.1%, YFull 36.7%
49% / 37%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 37.7 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 34.3
37%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
62%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
33%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+5
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+3
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+1
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading
Bijelo Polje ME-04 26 8 I-CTS10228 I2a-CTS10228 50%, R-CTS7556 R1b-CTS7556 12%
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
Serbia 15 0.23 64.6 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
Albania 6 0.10 60.5 unlikely by chance p < 0.001
YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. Y and mt pairs → n=83

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
I2a-CTS10228 J1c 4 2.0 2.02 could be chance p = 0.055
R1b-CTS7556 H55b 3 0.3 9.22 unlikely by chance p < 0.001

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 10 samples by Y-DNA and 6 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 3,000 BCE, Bronze Age Balkan.

Bronze Age Balkan 8 · Roman Age Balkan 1 · Medieval Balkan 1

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 195 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 63 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 188 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 58 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Montenegro: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/montenegro/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.