ftdnastat Русский

Wales: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 2,204 kits with a Y-DNA result and 939 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are R1b-L51 — 67%, I1 — 11% and I2 — 6%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 44%, U — 12% and K1 — 9%. YFull has 109 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is noticeably different. The largest gap is R1b-DF13: 26% on FTDNA against 43% on YFull.

Compare with…
143
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 7 of 123 among countries. About 1.5 million men (Wikidata, 2022). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
30.0
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 8 of 93 among countries. About 3.1 million people (Wikidata, 2022)

Paternal line · Y-DNA

2,204 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
R
1,610 · 73.0% 28k years
R1b-L51
1,487 · 67.5% 6,100 years
P312
1,016 · 46.1% 4,900 years
L21
733 · 33.3% 4,700 years
DF13
584 · 26.5% 4,600 years
Z39589
291 · 13.2% 4,500 years
Z253
72 · 3.3% 4,500 years
Z2534
61 · 2.8% 4,400 years
DF21
69 · 3.1% 4,400 years
DF27
111 · 5.0% 4,700 years
U152
81 · 3.7% 4,700 years
L2
63 · 2.9% 4,600 years
U106
242 · 11.0% 5,000 years
L48
97 · 4.4% 4,500 years
Z9
47 · 2.1% 4,200 years
I
376 · 17.1% 35k years
I1
237 · 10.8% 20k years
DF29
123 · 5.6% 4,500 years
Z58
65 · 2.9% 4,500 years
I2
129 · 5.9% 25k years
I2b
63 · 2.9% 17k years
CTS616
46 · 2.1% 13k years
G
82 · 3.7% 28k years
G2a
66 · 3.0% 19k years
P303
52 · 2.4% 12k years
L497
47 · 2.1% 7,600 years
E
81 · 3.7% 52k years
E1b1b-M35
71 · 3.2% 25k years
E-M78
51 · 2.3% 15k years
V13
44 · 2.0% 5,200 years
other
55 · 2.5%

Among the rest: J 41, T 9, Q 3, N 1, H 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

939 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
411 · 43.8% 11k years
H1
146 · 15.5% 7,900 years
H1-T16189C!
28 · 3.0%
H2a
46 · 4.9% 8,000 years
H2a2
26 · 2.8% 8,000 years
H3
35 · 3.7% 6,700 years
H5
34 · 3.6% 8,400 years
H6a1
24 · 2.6% 7,900 years
H4a1a
22 · 2.3% 6,300 years
U
112 · 11.9% 51k years
U5a'b
68 · 7.2% 30k years
U5b
38 · 4.0% 25k years
U5b2
24 · 2.6% 19k years
U5a
30 · 3.2% 21k years
U5a1
25 · 2.7% 13k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
43 · 4.6% 50k years
K
111 · 11.8% 29k years
K1
86 · 9.2% 23k years
K1a
48 · 5.1% 11k years
K1c
28 · 3.0% 17k years
K2a
24 · 2.6% 14k years
J
97 · 10.3% 35k years
J1
85 · 9.1% 28k years
J1c
68 · 7.2% 13k years
T
91 · 9.7% 20k years
T2
75 · 8.0% 15k years
T2b
55 · 5.9% 8,500 years
I
41 · 4.4% 17k years
I1a1
24 · 2.6% 4,900 years
V
34 · 3.6% 7,500 years
other
42 · 4.5%

Among the rest: HV 16, X 8, W 7, L 4, N 3, M 1, Q 1, D 1, R 1.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Wales: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • R-Z251: 56 kits · 2.5% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×5.2) 4,400 years
  • R-Z2185: 53 kits · 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×4.7) 4,300 years
  • R-FGC5494: 50 kits · 2.3% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×4.7) 4,600 years
  • R-Z2186: 42 kits · 1.9% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×4.7) 4,100 years
  • R-FGC5561: 40 kits · 1.8% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×4.3) 4,500 years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

2–11%12–17%18–33%34–54%55–89%Walesunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. United Kingdom 89%
  2. England 88%
  3. Scotland 82%
  4. United States 82%
  5. Canada 80%
  6. France 80%
  7. Ireland 79%
  8. Northern Ireland 75%
  9. Netherlands 73%
  10. Germany 72%
  11. Australia 71%
  12. Belgium 71%
  13. Switzerland 69%
  14. England (Cornish) 68%
  15. Denmark 67%
  16. Portugal 63%
  17. Spain 60%
  18. United States (Native American) 59%
  19. Luxembourg 57%
  20. Italy 56%
  21. Brazil 56%
  22. New Zealand 56%
  23. Austria 54%
  24. Norway 54%
  25. Puerto Rico 52%
  26. Czech Republic 49%
  27. Sweden 48%
  28. Hungary 48%
  29. Cuba 47%
  30. South Africa 47%
  31. Mexico 47%
  32. Colombia 44%
  33. Poland 43%
  34. Isle of Man 43%
  35. Slovakia 41%
  36. Romania 39%
  37. Jamaica 39%
  38. Chile 39%
  39. Slovenia 38%
  40. Greece 38%
  41. Iceland 37%
  42. Argentina 36%
  43. Ukraine 35%
  44. Dominican Republic 35%
  45. Russia 33%
  46. Italy (Sicily) 32%
  47. Bulgaria 32%
  48. Croatia 31%
  49. Belarus 30%
  50. Lithuania 30%
  51. Latvia 29%
  52. Serbia 28%
  53. Peru 28%
  54. Macedonia 26%
  55. Albania 24%
  56. Moldova 24%
  57. Turkey 24%
  58. Israel 24%
  59. Lebanon 23%
  60. Armenia 21%
  61. Estonia 20%
  62. Bosnia and Herzegovina 20%
  63. Iran 20%
  64. Finland 20%
  65. Syria 18%
  66. Egypt 18%
  67. Montenegro 17%
  68. Morocco 17%
  69. Georgia 16%
  70. Iraq 16%
  71. Azerbaijan 16%
  72. Algeria 16%
  73. Tatarstan 15%
  74. Palestine 15%
  75. Uzbekistan 15%
  76. Tunisia 14%
  77. Chuvashia 14%
  78. India 13%
  79. Kazakhstan 13%
  80. Bashkortostan 13%
  81. Jordan 13%
  82. Bahrain 13%
  83. Libya 13%
  84. Kuwait 12%
  85. Qatar 12%
  86. Afghanistan 12%
  87. United Arab Emirates 12%
  88. Saudi Arabia 12%
  89. Mordovia 11%
  90. Sudan 11%
  91. Tajikistan 11%
  92. Dagestan 10%
  93. Adygea 9%
  94. Oman 9%
  95. Yemen 8%
  96. Pakistan 8%
  97. Philippines 8%
  98. Sri Lanka 7%
  99. Nigeria 6%
  100. Cameroon 6%
  101. Indonesia 6%
  102. Chechnya 5%
  103. China 4%
  104. Mongolia 4%
  105. Somalia 4%
  106. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 3%
  107. Ingushetia 3%
  108. Vietnam 3%
  109. Ghana 3%
  110. South Korea 2%
  111. Karelia 2%
  112. Japan 2%

Wales: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • I1a: 24 kits · 2.6% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×3.6)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

0–28%29–50%51–69%70–79%80–89%Walesunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. England 89%
  2. United Kingdom 88%
  3. Scotland 88%
  4. Ireland 88%
  5. Norway 86%
  6. United States 86%
  7. Germany 85%
  8. Sweden 85%
  9. Netherlands 84%
  10. France 83%
  11. Northern Ireland 83%
  12. Denmark 83%
  13. Switzerland 82%
  14. Canada 79%
  15. Belgium 79%
  16. Czech Republic 79%
  17. Austria 79%
  18. Poland 78%
  19. Russia 76%
  20. Hungary 76%
  21. Slovakia 75%
  22. Ukraine 73%
  23. Italy 73%
  24. Australia 72%
  25. Portugal 71%
  26. Slovenia 71%
  27. Estonia 70%
  28. Finland 70%
  29. Lithuania 69%
  30. Romania 68%
  31. Croatia 68%
  32. Spain 66%
  33. Latvia 65%
  34. Serbia 64%
  35. Bulgaria 64%
  36. Belarus 64%
  37. United States (Native American) 63%
  38. Bosnia and Herzegovina 62%
  39. Greece 59%
  40. Moldova 55%
  41. Algeria 53%
  42. Turkey 51%
  43. Morocco 50%
  44. New Zealand 49%
  45. Syria 47%
  46. Armenia 44%
  47. Chechnya 44%
  48. Israel 44%
  49. Lebanon 42%
  50. South Africa 37%
  51. Brazil 36%
  52. Cuba 35%
  53. Egypt 34%
  54. Iraq 34%
  55. Iran 33%
  56. Saudi Arabia 32%
  57. United Arab Emirates 28%
  58. Kuwait 26%
  59. Argentina 23%
  60. Dominican Republic 22%
  61. Mexico 21%
  62. Puerto Rico 17%
  63. India 16%
  64. Canada (First Nations) 14%
  65. China 7%
  66. Jamaica 7%
  67. Chile 7%
  68. Colombia 4%
  69. Japan 3%
  70. Philippines 0%
  71. South Korea 0%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

2,204
FTDNA
kits
109
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
R R-M207
73.0% · 56.9%−16.2
R1b-L51 R-L51
67.5% · 56.0%−11.5
P312 R-P312
46.1% · 53.2%+7.1
U106 R-U106
11.0% · 2.8%−8.2
I I-L758
17.1% · 28.4%+11.4
I1 I-M253
10.8% · 13.8%+3
DF29 I-DF29
5.6% · 12.8%+7.3
I2 I-P215
5.9% · 14.7%+8.8
I2b I-M223
2.9% · 6.4%+3.6
G G-M201
3.7% · 3.7%−0.1
G2a G-P15
3.0% · 3.7%+0.7
P303 G-P303
2.4% · 2.8%+0.4
E E-M96
3.7% · 6.4%+2.7
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
3.2% · 6.4%+3.2
E-M78
2.3% · 5.5%+3.2

mtDNA

YFull has fewer than 30 samples from this country, too few to compare. 18 samples on YFull

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 2,204 · Projects 221

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
R R-M207
73.0% · 75.6%+2.5
R1b-L51 R-L51
67.5% · 53.4%−14.1
P312 R-P312
46.1% · 41.2%−4.9
L21 R-L21
33.3% · 27.6%−5.7
DF13 R-DF13
26.5% · 25.8%−0.7
Z39589 R-Z39589
13.2% · 12.2%−1
DF27 R-DF27
5.0% · 8.6%+3.6
U106 R-U106
11.0% · 5.9%−5.1
L48 R-L48
4.4% · 3.2%−1.2
I I-L758
17.1% · 17.2%+0.1
I1 I-M253
10.8% · 10.9%+0.1
DF29 I-DF29
5.6% · 5.0%−0.6
I2 I-P215
5.9% · 4.1%−1.8
G G-M201
3.7% · 1.8%−1.9

mtDNA FTDNA 939 · Projects 66

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
43.8% · 51.5%+7.7
H1
15.5% · 13.6%−1.9
H2a
4.9% · 6.1%+1.2
U
11.9% · 6.1%−5.9
U5a'b
7.2% · 1.5%−5.7
K
11.8% · 10.6%−1.2
K1
9.2% · 6.1%−3.1
K1a
5.1% · 4.5%−0.6
J
10.3% · 18.2%+7.9
J1
9.1% · 15.2%+6.1
J1c
7.2% · 13.6%+6.4
T
9.7% · 6.1%−3.6
T2
8.0% · 4.5%−3.4
T2b
5.9% · 3.0%−2.8
227
Y-DNA · People on the map
221 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 210 such votes
78%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
66
mtDNA · People on the map
66 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 66 such votes
72%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
R-DF13 +16.6
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 26.5%, YFull 43.1%
18% / 20%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 38.7 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 34.7
20%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
34%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
44%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.43
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+2
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+1
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Recent kin across borders #

Shared young paternal branches: YFull customers from this country and from the partner country have a common paternal-line ancestor no older than 500 years. The comparison accounts for how linked a country is abroad overall: shown are partners with more shared branches than its general openness would give. It reflects recent migration and shared ancestry, not ethnicity.

Recent kin across borders
Country shared branches expected × chance?
United States 5 0.72 6.9 unlikely by chance p < 0.001

Ancient relatives of male lines #

Which cultures of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) the local male lines lead to most closely. The share is how many kits lead to a culture; the range is in brackets.

Wales Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: 84.5% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian ≈ 2,200–2,300 BCE 85% 15%
Wales Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1b: 70.7% R1b Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 63.9% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1b → R1b 6.8% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I1: 7.8% I1 Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I1 → I1 7.6% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I1 → I 0.2% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · G2a: 1.6% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: G2a → G2a 1.6% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2b: 1.8% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 0.9% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2b → I2b 0.9% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · R1a: 1.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 1.2% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: R1a → R1a 0.3% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian · I2: 0.4% Bell Beaker culture and Neolithic Scandinavian: I2 → I2 0.4% R1b 72% I1 11% E1b1b 3% G2a 3% I2a 2% … 4%
Left: the major branches through which the lines lead to a culture; right: all major branches. Grey: the part of a branch without ancient relatives of this era.
How it is counted
  • Branches of the era. We take the ancient samples whose date falls inside the era, and compare the lines as they stood 1,500 years before the era ends.
  • A culture’s profile is the share of its lines on those branches. The number of samples does not change a weight: a culture of seven men weighs as much as one of a hundred and twenty.
  • A shallow test. An ancient man typed above the cut is spread over the branches under his node, by how many men each holds now. Today’s kits are treated the same way.
  • Who is admitted. A culture takes part when its sharply typed men cover 25% of the population on their own: branch by branch we add the smaller of the two shares, the culture’s and the population’s. One dug within 550 km needs only 0.5%.
  • The shares. We pick the weights of the cultures so that their mixture comes as close as it can to today’s set of branches.
  • Look-alike cultures. When cultures share almost all their branches, the data cannot say whose kin the men are. So we do not split the share between them: they get one bar.
  • The range. We recount everything on random subsets of the samples. In brackets are the bounds the share keeps in nine runs out of ten. A share that can fall below 5%, or below half of itself, is not shown at all.

What it does not mean. This is kinship of male lines, not the origin of a people. The female lines say nothing here. Who takes a test is a matter of chance, so the shares compare between countries, not with a census.

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 9 samples by Y-DNA and 5 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 10,040 BCE, Hunter-Gatherer.

Neolithic British Isles 3 · Hunter-Gatherer 2 · Bronze Age British Isles 2 · Iron Age British 2

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 2,204 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 939 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 109 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 18 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Wales: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/wales/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.