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1,050

Y-DNA

samples

499

mtDNA

samples

28.2

Y diversity

how many distinct major Y branches 40 randomly drawn people of this people carry on average: 1 means everyone is in one branch, higher is more varied (diversity score: 4.66 bits)

Y-DNA · Level 1

Macro-haplogroups #

542 · 51.6%

202 · 19.2%

152 · 14.5%

78 · 7.4%

34 · 3.2%

9 · 0.9%

8 · 0.8%

6 · 0.6%

4 · 0.4%

2 · 0.2%

Y-DNA · Level 2

Major branches (clades) #

R-DF21*

32 · 3.0% 4,400 years

E-Z5018*

28 · 2.7% 3,800 years

R-Z287

24 · 2.3% 3,700 years

E-U174

22 · 2.1% 4,800 years

I-L137

22 · 2.1% 5,800 years

R-L20

21 · 2.0% 4,200 years

R-Z39589*

17 · 1.6% 4,500 years

R-ZZ12_1*

16 · 1.5% 4,600 years

I-Z2535

15 · 1.4% 3,800 years

R-Z301*

15 · 1.4% 4,600 years

E-BY3880*

14 · 1.3% 4,300 years

E-V22 E-V22

14 · 1.3% 8,700 years

R-Z304*

14 · 1.3% 4,200 years

I-Z141*

13 · 1.2% 3,900 years

R-L2*

13 · 1.2% 4,700 years

mtDNA · Level 1

Macro-haplogroups #

190 · 38.1%

62 · 12.4%

51 · 10.2%

49 · 9.8%

29 · 5.8%

24 · 4.8%

18 · 3.6%

16 · 3.2%

12 · 2.4%

8 · 1.6%

7 · 1.4%

mtDNA · Level 2

Branches #

J1c

30 · 6.0% 13k years

H1c

23 · 4.6% 5,300 years

U5a

22 · 4.4% 21k years

T2b

21 · 4.2% 8,500 years

H1a

20 · 4.0% 5,800 years

U5b

20 · 4.0% 22k years

K1a

17 · 3.4% 11k years

H1b

16 · 3.2% 5,100 years

T1a

14 · 2.8% 13k years

H2a

11 · 2.2% 8,200 years

H1e

10 · 2.0% 6,300 years

H4a

10 · 2.0% 9,500 years

X2b

10 · 2.0% 9,000 years

J1b

9 · 1.8% 19k years

9 · 1.8%

Distinctive branches of the people · Y #

Branches this people carries 3 or more times as often as all YFull customers together. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 5 samples are included.

I2b-M284 I-M284: 24 · 2.3% (×3.7)
E-M191 E-M191: 22 · 2.1% (×3.2)
R1a-Z284 R-Z284: 40 · 3.8% (×3.1)

Distinctive branches of the people · mt #

Branches this people carries 3 or more times as often as all YFull customers together. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 5 samples are included.

H7f H7f: 7 · 1.4% (×55.1)
H24 H24: 5 · 1.0% (×4.0)

Level 3

Key branches tree #

R R-M207

542 · 51.6% 28k years

└ R1b-L23 R-L23

440 · 41.9% 6,400 years

└ L51 R-L51

426 · 40.6% 6,100 years

└ P312 R-P312

302 · 28.8% 4,900 years

└ DF13 R-DF13

172 · 16.4% 4,600 years

└ DF27 R-DF27

65 · 6.2% 4,700 years

└ U152 R-U152

54 · 5.1% 4,700 years

└ U106 R-U106

116 · 11.0% 5,000 years

└ L48 R-L48

53 · 5.0% 4,500 years

└ R1a-M198 R-M198

87 · 8.3% 8,500 years

└ Z282 R-Z282

72 · 6.9% 4,800 years

└ Z284 R-Z284

39 · 3.7% 4,200 years

I I-L758

202 · 19.2% 35k years

└ I1-DF29 I-DF29

110 · 10.5% 4,500 years

└ Z58 I-Z58

69 · 6.6% 4,500 years

└ I2b I-M223

53 · 5.0% 17k years

E E-M96

152 · 14.5% 52k years

└ E1b1b-M35 E-M35

105 · 10.0% 25k years

└ E-M78 E-M78

75 · 7.1% 15k years

└ V13 E-V13

49 · 4.7% 5,200 years

└ M2 (E1b1a) E-M2

38 · 3.6% 18k years

J J-M304

78 · 7.4% 30k years

└ J2 J-M172

53 · 5.0% 28k years branch tree ↗

└ J2a J-M410

43 · 4.1% 20k years

Branches of this people #

Branches of the YFull tree that belong almost entirely to this people: at least 80% of samples with a reported language. Per row: the people's samples / all with a language, the share, and the age of the branch's common ancestor.

E-Z16242: 25 / 26 · 96% 3,100 years
R-CTS8401: 25 / 28 · 89% 4,100 years
I-Y33770 I-BY19882: 14 / 14 · 100% 1,200 years
R-FGC8512: 14 / 15 · 93% 4,300 years
E-Y191061 E-FT209037: 12 / 12 · 100% 8,000 years
R-Z1909: 12 / 13 · 92% 3,400 years
R-Y24868 R-FT32913: 11 / 11 · 100% 3,600 years

Where the samples come from #

Which countries and regions this people's samples come from; paternal and maternal lines counted separately.

Y-DNA

Virginia US-VA 38
North Carolina US-NC 19
California US-CA 17
Maryland US-MD 17
Ayr/shire SC-AYR 15
Illinois US-IL 15
Texas US-TX 15
England 14
Georgia US-GA 13
Massachusetts US-MA 13
Mississippi US-MS 13
Ohio US-OH 13

mtDNA

California US-CA 21
New York US-NY 15
Texas US-TX 15
Georgia US-GA 12
Illinois US-IL 12
Ohio US-OH 10
Virginia US-VA 10
Michigan US-MI 9
Tennessee US-TN 9
New South Wales AU-NSW 8
Pennsylvania US-PA 8
Ontario CA-ON 7

YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. n=575

Notably above chance

Y × mt: line combinations · Notably above chance
Y	mt	pairs	expected by chance	×	chance?
R1b-DF13	H1e	5	1.3	3.94	not chance p = 0.004
R1b-L48	H1a	5	1.3	3.91	not chance p = 0.006
R1b-DF13	U5a	7	2.5	2.76	not chance p = 0.008

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y	mt	pairs	expected by chance	×	chance?
R1b-DF13	J1c	7	3.7	1.90	could be chance p = 0.061
R1b-DF13	U5a	7	2.5	2.76	not chance p = 0.008
R1b-DF13	H1e	5	1.3	3.94	not chance p = 0.004
R1b-DF13	K1a	5	2.4	2.07	could be chance p = 0.080
R1b-L48	H1a	5	1.3	3.91	not chance p = 0.006
E-M191	L2b	4	0.1	57.50	not chance p < 0.001
I1-Z58	T2b	4	2.0	1.96	could be chance p = 0.139
I1-Z58	X2b	4	0.7	5.48	not chance p = 0.004