Findings
What stands out in the data. These are FTDNA customers, not whole populations. How we count is under About the data.
Branches
Branches that stand out: typical of a country, young yet spread across the world, old and still at home, sudden bursts, long single-line stretches, splits where one branch went far from the rest.
- Most distinctive branches
- Young but widespread branches
- Ancient branches that stayed home
- Star-like expansions
- Branches that long ran as a single line, by Discover dates
- Splits: one branch left the others
- Long single-lineage trunks by YFull dates
- STR ages against SNP ages
- STR jumps in young branches
- Branch thickness: ancient and modern
- Where one branch holds a large share of kits
- Branches crowded on the map
Countries and peoples
How countries and peoples differ from each other and from the world: where paternal and maternal lines part ways, who tests which line, which branches mark a people, which surnames keep to one branch.
- Countries where paternal and maternal lines part ways
- Who tests the father and who tests the mother
- The most tested countries and regions
- Countries: how far paternal and maternal lines stray from the world mix
- Paternal and maternal lines: are they linked, and how much of it is just geography
- Fathers tell the people apart, mothers do not
- Different languages, close paternal lines
- Branch = people
- Diversity of paternal lines by people
- Surnames that cluster in one branch
Kin
Where men have the most close kin on 37 markers, and where recent kin from different countries and regions live.
Ancient DNA
Ancient samples against today's carriers of the same branches: far from home, at the root of living branches, lines that died out, and cultures where the male lines changed.
YFull and FTDNA
Two companies see the same branches differently: where ages disagree, how deep into the tree samples reach, and where a branch shows up at only one of them.