YFull and FTDNA
Two companies see the same branches differently: where ages disagree, how deep into the tree samples reach, and where a branch shows up at only one of them.
Branch ages: YFull against FTDNA Discover #
Branches with the same name in both trees: 19,086. For each, the age of the common ancestor (TMRCA) estimated by YFull is compared with FTDNA's estimate. On average YFull's estimate is 7% younger; YFull gives a younger age for 68% of branches. For 98% of branches the two estimates stay within each other's margin of error. The date a branch split from its parent (YFull's formed) is not compared here.
Where the estimates disagree
Branches with 100+ YFull samples where the two estimates differ by more than their margins of error allow (the 95% ranges do not overlap).
- T-Y7381: YFull 1,300 years 1,650–950 · FTDNA 4,500 years 5,237–3,815 −72% · n=149
- I-L233: YFull 2,100 years 2,500–1,650 · FTDNA 6,600 years 7,581–5,699 −68.1% · n=171
- I-L621 I2a-L621: YFull 6,400 years 7,600–5,300 · FTDNA 12k years 13,514–10,310 −45.8% · n=1,036
- I-L161: YFull 7,200 years 8,200–6,200 · FTDNA 11k years 12,519–9,484 −33.9% · n=179
- Q-M378: YFull 9,300 years 10,800–7,900 · FTDNA 6,200 years 7,176–5,389 +49.5% · n=169
1 more
- I-M284 I2b-M284: YFull 7,100 years 8,200–6,000 · FTDNA 9,800 years 11,217–8,526 −27.4% · n=318
How deep into the tree YFull samples and FTDNA kits reach #
YFull samples are placed on the FTDNA tree, so depth can be compared directly. In the typical one of 67 countries a YFull sample sits 37.0 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 31.5. 34% of YFull samples reached the finest branch, against 24% of FTDNA kits. That is why the same country looks different at the two companies: YFull's whole-genome tests go deeper. On the maternal line there is no gap: in the typical one of 28 countries the depth differs by only −0.1 branchings, against +4.5 for Y-DNA. Both companies read the whole mitochondrial DNA.
Largest gap
- India: 33.6 / 22.5 (+11.1) on leaves 34% / 9% · n=210 / 1,487
- Russia: 39.1 / 29.9 (+9.2) on leaves 43% / 18% · n=1,508 / 7,200
- Sudan: 38.1 / 29.6 (+8.5) on leaves 49% / 28% · n=147 / 411
- Jordan: 40.2 / 31.8 (+8.4) on leaves 48% / 29% · n=187 / 362
- Belarus: 39.0 / 30.9 (+8.1) on leaves 40% / 20% · n=330 / 1,722
3 more
Nearly equal
- Northern Ireland: 42.3 / 42.0 (+0.4) on leaves 31% / 36% · n=241 / 2,984
- Canada: 37.5 / 36.4 (+1) on leaves 25% / 20% · n=147 / 1,661
- United States: 38.8 / 37.5 (+1.3) on leaves 26% / 31% · n=2,591 / 30,921
- United Arab Emirates: 38.9 / 36.9 (+2) on leaves 41% / 45% · n=664 / 1,371
- Finland: 43.8 / 41.4 (+2.4) on leaves 24% / 36% · n=1,294 / 10,224
Where the two companies show a different picture of a country #
For each country the major-branch shares at FTDNA and YFull were compared (starred branches left out). Part of the difference is just the chance of small samples: it was estimated by comparing two random samples of the same size 120 times, then subtracted. The number in a row is the difference beyond chance, in percent; hover to see the total difference and the chance level. Then the branch that contributes most (FTDNA share → YFull share). 30 countries with 150+ samples at both companies, typical difference beyond chance 2.3%.
Disagree most
- Scotland: 8.2% observed 11.0% · chance 2.9% · I-L137 5% → 12%
- China: 7.3% observed 8.6% · chance 1.4% · O-M324 82% → 57%
- England: 6.3% observed 8.0% · chance 1.8% · R-Z31644 3% → 7%
- Ireland: 6.1% observed 8.7% · chance 2.7% · R-A541 14% → 6%
- Russia: 5.4% observed 7.1% · chance 1.7% · R-Y2898 13% → 22%
3 more
- United Arab Emirates: 4.6% observed 5.9% · chance 1.3% · T-Z709 40% → 19%
- Bahrain: 4.1% observed 7.2% · chance 3.0% · T-Z709 25% → 9%
- United States: 4.1% observed 5.3% · chance 1.2% · I-CTS595 2% → 5%
Agree
- Oman: -0.8% observed 1.8% · chance 2.6% · J-FGC2 44% → 57%
- Armenia: -0.5% observed 2.6% · chance 3.0% · J-Z7675 8% → 14%
- Yemen: -0.2% observed 2.0% · chance 2.2% · J-YSC0000076 1% → 4%
- Ukraine: 0.1% observed 4.4% · chance 4.3% · R-Z2124 R1a-Z2124 9% → 5%
- Qatar: 0.3% observed 2.7% · chance 2.4% · J-FGC2 15% → 25%
The same for mtDNA
The same for the maternal line. Under-typed samples with a bare letter (H, U, J with no digit) are left out; branches under 0.5% at both companies are lumped into “other”. 18 countries.
Blind spots: a branch prominent at one company and nearly absent at the other #
The branch makes up at least 4% at one company, and the gap between the companies is too large to be chance: at least 4 times the expected random scatter. This happens when one large project brings many samples to one company or customers reach the two companies by different routes.
- China · O-M324: 81.9% → 56.7% (−25.2) gap 9.4× the random scatter n=530 / 704
- United Arab Emirates · T-Z709: 39.8% → 18.9% (−20.9) gap 6.5× the random scatter n=558 / 333
- Bahrain · T-Z709: 25.3% → 9.4% (−16) gap 4.2× the random scatter n=288 / 171
- Kuwait · J-FGC2: 20.2% → 33.8% (+13.6) gap 5.8× the random scatter n=741 / 725
- China · C-M217 C2: 17.2% → 29.1% (+11.9) gap 4.9× the random scatter n=530 / 704
7 more
- Sweden · I-BY266: 16.5% → 28.0% (+11.5) gap 7.9× the random scatter n=5,629 / 790
- Chechnya · L-M22: 28.1% → 16.6% (−11.5) gap 6.0× the random scatter n=1,170 / 831
- Russia · R-Y2898: 13.1% → 21.7% (+8.6) gap 6.2× the random scatter n=2,792 / 872
- Albania · I-S2077: 10.5% → 2.1% (−8.4) gap 4.4× the random scatter n=152 / 426
- Ireland · R-A541: 13.5% → 6.1% (−7.4) gap 4.4× the random scatter n=7,315 / 424
- Scotland · I-L137: 4.7% → 11.9% (+7.2) gap 6.6× the random scatter n=5,145 / 455
- Ireland · I-L137: 4.9% → 12.0% (+7.1) gap 6.3× the random scatter n=7,315 / 424
The same for mtDNA
Other topics: Branches · Countries and peoples · Kin · Ancient DNA