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Turkey: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 2,545 kits with a Y-DNA result and 903 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). On the paternal line the most common are J2a — 19%, J1 — 12% and R1b-Z2103 (M12149) — 10%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 30%, U — 18% and J1 — 7%. YFull has 550 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is almost the same.

Compare with…
5.8
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 72 of 123 among countries. About 44 million men (UN, 2023). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
1.0
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 62 of 93 among countries. About 87 million people (UN, 2023)

FTDNA Discover holds about 475 more samples here that are not in the public tree, mostly from academic studies (estimate from the copy of 13 November 2026); this page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Mitotree, the mt tree of FTDNA Discover, has about 583 more samples from here that the public mt tree lacks: mostly academic studies, GenBank among them (copy of 11 November 2026). This page is built from the public FTDNA tree.

Paternal line · Y-DNA

2,545 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
J
907 · 35.6% 30k years
J2
592 · 23.3% 28k years
J2a
494 · 19.4% 20k years
M67
181 · 7.1% 13k years
Z2222
146 · 5.7% 16k years
L25
120 · 4.7% 8,800 years
J1
308 · 12.1% 19k years
L620
181 · 7.1% 15k years
P58
154 · 6.1% 9,800 years
Z2313
125 · 4.9% 5,800 years
L858
115 · 4.5% 4,900 years
R
605 · 23.8% 28k years
R1b-M269
362 · 14.2% 6,500 years
L23
314 · 12.3% 6,400 years
Z2103 (M12149)
256 · 10.1% 5,700 years
L584
107 · 4.2% 5,200 years
R1a-M198
168 · 6.6% 8,500 years
Z93
95 · 3.7% 4,700 years
G
334 · 13.1% 28k years
G2a
248 · 9.7% 19k years
M406
80 · 3.1% 12k years
E1b1b-M35
219 · 8.6% 25k years
E-M78
104 · 4.1% 15k years
E-M34
91 · 3.6% 15k years
M84
75 · 2.9% 9,500 years
L
143 · 5.6% 24k years
M317
94 · 3.7% 14k years
T
113 · 4.4% 28k years
I
91 · 3.6% 35k years
I2
72 · 2.8% 25k years
other
133 · 5.2%

Among the rest: N 41, Q 39, C 28, O 9, H 6, A 3, B 1, F 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

903 kits · 30 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
268 · 29.7% 11k years
H13
33 · 3.7% 11k years
H5
32 · 3.5% 8,400 years
H1
30 · 3.3% 7,900 years
U
159 · 17.6% 51k years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
96 · 10.6% 50k years
U3
51 · 5.6% 35k years
U3b
36 · 4.0% 14k years
U3b2
26 · 2.9% 14k years
U1
33 · 3.7% 33k years
U1a
26 · 2.9% 26k years
U5a'b
28 · 3.1% 30k years
T
97 · 10.7% 20k years
T2
56 · 6.2% 15k years
T1
40 · 4.4% 15k years
T1a
28 · 3.1% 13k years
J
75 · 8.3% 35k years
J1
64 · 7.1% 28k years
J1b
30 · 3.3% 19k years
J1c
25 · 2.8% 13k years
HV
63 · 7.0% 13k years
HV1a'b'c
27 · 3.0% 13k years
K1
59 · 6.5% 23k years
K1a
54 · 6.0% 11k years
W
31 · 3.4% 12k years
W-C194T
27 · 3.0% 12k years
X
28 · 3.1% 29k years
X2
24 · 2.7% 14k years
N
27 · 3.0% 59k years
I
26 · 2.9% 17k years
other
70 · 7.8%

Among the rest: D 11, C 8, M 6, L 4, G 2, Z 1, B 1.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself. Above the map you can pick the paternal line (Y-DNA) or the maternal one (mtDNA).

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

Loading the map…

The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Turkey: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • R-M12149 R1b-Z2103 (M12149): 256 kits · 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 9–11%) (×8.7) 5,700 years
  • L-M22 L-M22: 131 kits · 5.1% (95% confidence interval: 4–6%) (×9.0) 20k years
  • J-Z2227 J2a-Z2227: 264 kits · 10.4% (95% confidence interval: 9–12%) (×5.5) 15k years
  • J-PF5088: 412 kits · 16.2% (95% confidence interval: 15–18%) (×4.8) 17k years
  • LT-L298 LT: 256 kits · 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 9–11%) (×5.0) 43k years
  • J-Z7675: 66 kits · 2.6% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×6.4) 8,300 years
  • J-Z1847: 174 kits · 6.8% (95% confidence interval: 6–8%) (×5.0) 13k years
  • J-PF5132: 80 kits · 3.1% (95% confidence interval: 3–4%) (×5.8) 12k years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

3–20%21–35%36–46%47–59%60–86%Turkeyunder 100 kits
All 112 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Armenia 86%
  2. Azerbaijan 86%
  3. Iran 83%
  4. Iraq 78%
  5. Lebanon 78%
  6. Syria 76%
  7. Georgia 76%
  8. Greece 76%
  9. Italy 70%
  10. Bahrain 69%
  11. Romania 66%
  12. Egypt 64%
  13. Kuwait 63%
  14. Russia 62%
  15. United Arab Emirates 62%
  16. Tajikistan 62%
  17. Hungary 61%
  18. Ukraine 61%
  19. Dagestan 61%
  20. Bulgaria 60%
  21. Qatar 60%
  22. Israel 60%
  23. Austria 59%
  24. Palestine 58%
  25. Belarus 58%
  26. Italy (Sicily) 58%
  27. Lithuania 56%
  28. Saudi Arabia 56%
  29. Jordan 55%
  30. Uzbekistan 55%
  31. Moldova 54%
  32. Poland 53%
  33. Spain 52%
  34. Tunisia 52%
  35. Pakistan 50%
  36. Slovakia 50%
  37. Afghanistan 50%
  38. Portugal 50%
  39. Adygea 50%
  40. Kazakhstan 49%
  41. Oman 48%
  42. Latvia 48%
  43. Germany 47%
  44. Algeria 47%
  45. Morocco 46%
  46. Chechnya 45%
  47. Czech Republic 45%
  48. Macedonia 45%
  49. Brazil 44%
  50. Switzerland 44%
  51. India 43%
  52. Tatarstan 42%
  53. France 41%
  54. Yemen 41%
  55. Mexico 41%
  56. Sudan 40%
  57. Albania 40%
  58. Cuba 39%
  59. Libya 39%
  60. Bashkortostan 39%
  61. Colombia 38%
  62. Belgium 38%
  63. Serbia 38%
  64. Netherlands 38%
  65. Croatia 37%
  66. Ingushetia 36%
  67. Argentina 35%
  68. Puerto Rico 35%
  69. Slovenia 33%
  70. Montenegro 32%
  71. Sri Lanka 31%
  72. United Kingdom 31%
  73. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 31%
  74. England 31%
  75. Chile 30%
  76. Luxembourg 29%
  77. United States 29%
  78. South Africa 29%
  79. Canada 28%
  80. Bosnia and Herzegovina 27%
  81. Chuvashia 27%
  82. Denmark 27%
  83. United States (Native American) 26%
  84. Australia 25%
  85. Dominican Republic 24%
  86. Wales 24%
  87. Mordovia 23%
  88. Scotland 23%
  89. Peru 21%
  90. Jamaica 20%
  91. Ireland 20%
  92. Somalia 20%
  93. Sweden 20%
  94. Norway 17%
  95. Northern Ireland 17%
  96. China 17%
  97. Mongolia 16%
  98. Estonia 16%
  99. Indonesia 15%
  100. New Zealand 13%
  101. Philippines 12%
  102. England (Cornish) 12%
  103. Iceland 11%
  104. Finland 11%
  105. South Korea 9%
  106. Cameroon 8%
  107. Japan 8%
  108. Karelia 7%
  109. Vietnam 5%
  110. Nigeria 5%
  111. Isle of Man 4%
  112. Ghana 3%

Turkey: mtDNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • U3b: 36 kits · 4.0% (95% confidence interval: 3–5%) (×14.1)
  • HV1a: 18 kits · 2.0% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×14.4)
  • T1b: 12 kits · 1.3% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×15.0)
  • U1a: 26 kits · 2.9% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×10.7)
  • U7a: 11 kits · 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 1–2%) (×9.5)
  • H5: 18 kits · 2.0% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×5.6)
  • R0a: 14 kits · 1.6% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×4.2)
  • N1b: 16 kits · 1.8% (95% confidence interval: 1–3%) (×3.6)

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

1–26%27–49%50–54%55–61%62–78%Turkeyunder 100 kits
All 71 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Armenia 78%
  2. Italy 76%
  3. Greece 71%
  4. Bulgaria 68%
  5. Iran 67%
  6. Syria 65%
  7. Lebanon 64%
  8. Russia 64%
  9. Poland 63%
  10. Chechnya 63%
  11. Hungary 63%
  12. Ukraine 62%
  13. Iraq 62%
  14. Austria 61%
  15. Czech Republic 61%
  16. Romania 60%
  17. Belarus 59%
  18. Germany 59%
  19. France 59%
  20. Bosnia and Herzegovina 58%
  21. Slovakia 58%
  22. Switzerland 57%
  23. Croatia 56%
  24. Lithuania 55%
  25. Belgium 55%
  26. England 55%
  27. United Kingdom 54%
  28. United States 54%
  29. Serbia 54%
  30. Sweden 54%
  31. Netherlands 54%
  32. Scotland 54%
  33. Saudi Arabia 53%
  34. Ireland 52%
  35. Canada 52%
  36. Denmark 51%
  37. Wales 51%
  38. Portugal 50%
  39. Norway 50%
  40. Kuwait 50%
  41. Northern Ireland 50%
  42. Latvia 50%
  43. Slovenia 49%
  44. Spain 48%
  45. Algeria 48%
  46. Moldova 48%
  47. Estonia 47%
  48. Egypt 46%
  49. United Arab Emirates 46%
  50. Israel 45%
  51. Australia 43%
  52. United States (Native American) 43%
  53. Finland 40%
  54. Morocco 36%
  55. New Zealand 32%
  56. Brazil 26%
  57. South Africa 26%
  58. India 25%
  59. Cuba 24%
  60. Argentina 20%
  61. Dominican Republic 16%
  62. Mexico 16%
  63. Puerto Rico 14%
  64. China 11%
  65. Canada (First Nations) 9%
  66. Japan 6%
  67. Jamaica 6%
  68. South Korea 6%
  69. Chile 6%
  70. Colombia 4%
  71. Philippines 1%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

2,545
FTDNA
kits
550
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
J J-M304
35.6% · 35.1%−0.5
J2 J-M172
23.3% · 21.3%−2
J2a J-M410
19.4% · 20.7%+1.3
J1 J-M267
12.1% · 13.8%+1.7
L620 J-L620
7.1% · 9.3%+2.2
R R-M207
23.8% · 23.6%−0.1
R1b-M269 R-M269
14.2% · 13.8%−0.4
L23 R-L23
12.3% · 12.4%0
R1a-M198 R-M198
6.6% · 6.0%−0.6
Z93 R-Z93
3.7% · 2.9%−0.8
G G-M201
13.1% · 12.5%−0.6
G2a G-P15
9.7% · 11.1%+1.3
M406 G-M406
3.1% · 5.5%+2.3
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
8.6% · 8.0%−0.6
E-M78
4.1% · 5.3%+1.2
E-M34
3.6% · 2.4%−1.2
M84 E-L795
2.9% · 2.2%−0.8
L L-M20
5.6% · 8.2%+2.6
M317 L-M317
3.7% · 5.6%+1.9
T T-M184
4.4% · 2.4%−2.1
I I-L758
3.6% · 4.4%+0.8
I2 I-P215
2.8% · 2.4%−0.5

mtDNA

903
FTDNA
kits
244
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
H
29.7% · 24.6%−5.1
H13
3.7% · 1.2%−2.4
H5
3.5% · 2.9%−0.7
H1
3.3% · 3.3%0
U
17.6% · 16.0%−1.6
U2'3'4'7'8'9
10.6% · 9.0%−1.6
U3
5.6% · 5.7%+0.1
U1
3.7% · 3.3%−0.4
U1a
2.9% · 2.0%−0.8
U5a'b
3.1% · 3.7%+0.6
T
10.7% · 12.3%+1.6
T2
6.2% · 7.0%+0.8
T1
4.4% · 4.9%+0.5
T1a
3.1% · 3.7%+0.6
J
8.3% · 7.4%−0.9
J1
7.1% · 5.7%−1.3
J1b
3.3% · 0.8%−2.5
J1c
2.8% · 3.3%+0.5
HV
7.0% · 9.8%+2.9
HV1a'b'c
3.0% · 2.0%−0.9
K1
6.5% · 9.4%+2.9
K1a
6.0% · 8.2%+2.2
W
3.4% · 3.7%+0.3
W-C194T
3.0% · 3.7%+0.7
X
3.1% · 1.2%−1.9
X2
2.7% · 1.2%−1.4
N
3.0% · 2.0%−0.9
I
2.9% · 3.3%+0.4

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 2,545 · Projects 1,692

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
J J-M304
35.6% · 35.4%−0.2
J2 J-M172
23.3% · 23.9%+0.6
J2a J-M410
19.4% · 19.9%+0.5
M67 J-M67
7.1% · 7.3%+0.2
J1 J-M267
12.1% · 11.5%−0.6
L620 J-L620
7.1% · 5.1%−2
R R-M207
23.8% · 23.9%+0.2
R1b-M269 R-M269
14.2% · 15.4%+1.1
L23 R-L23
12.3% · 12.8%+0.5
Z2103 (M12149) R-M12149
10.1% · 10.6%+0.6
R1a-M198 R-M198
6.6% · 5.6%−1
G G-M201
13.1% · 13.9%+0.8
G2a G-P15
9.7% · 9.4%−0.3
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
8.6% · 8.8%+0.2

mtDNA FTDNA 903 · Projects 537

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
H
29.7% · 29.6%−0.1
U
17.6% · 16.6%−1
U2'3'4'7'8'9
10.6% · 9.1%−1.5
U3
5.6% · 5.2%−0.4
U3b
4.0% · 3.7%−0.3
U1
3.7% · 4.7%+1
T
10.7% · 11.2%+0.4
T2
6.2% · 6.3%+0.1
T1
4.4% · 4.3%−0.1
J
8.3% · 10.2%+1.9
J1
7.1% · 7.4%+0.4
HV
7.0% · 7.1%+0.1
K1
6.5% · 5.6%−0.9
K1a
6.0% · 4.7%−1.3
1,758
Y-DNA · People on the map
1,692 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 1,708 such votes
88%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
538
mtDNA · People on the map
537 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 537 such votes
95%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
L-M20 +2.6
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 5.6%, YFull 8.2%
47% / 24%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 32.5 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 27.1
24%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
37%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
34%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
0.35
mt to Y
mtDNA kits per one Y-DNA kit. Below 0.3 means the country tests almost only the paternal line.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+37
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+6
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+31
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+11
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

YFull

Regions on YFull #

Regions that cannot be picked at FTDNA but are reported by YFull customers. Regions with 20 or more samples are shown; modern YFull customers only. YFull regions →

Regions on YFull
Country / region Y mt Leading
Trabzon TR-61 38 16 J-M410 J2a 29%, G-P15 G2a 26%, L-M317 L-M317 16%
Erzurum TR-25 28 3 L-M317 L-M317 25%, J-M410 J2a 18%, J-M267 J1 14%
Mardin TR-47 23 4 J-FGC1707 J1-FGC1707 30%, L-M20 L 17%, E-V12 E-V12 13%
Rize TR-53 21 6 J-M67 J2a-M67 29%, R-L584 R1b-L584 29%, L-M317 L-M317 24%
Istanbul TR-34 20 10 R-L51 R1b-L51 20%, E-L795 E-M84 15%, J-M172 J2 15%
Tunceli TR-62 20 3 R-L584 R1b-L584 35%, R-Z282 R1a-Z282 15%, J-M410 J2a 15%
Sanliurfa TR-63 20 3 J-FGC1707 J1-FGC1707 35%, L-M20 L 15%, R-M207 R 15%
YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this country. People from regions with a page of their own (republics, autonomies) are shown there. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. Y and mt pairs → n=217

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y mt pairs expected by chance × chance?
G2a-M406 K1a 3 0.8 3.58 could be chance p = 0.042

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 234 samples by Y-DNA and 44 samples by mtDNA. The oldest: 13,358 BCE, Anatolian Hunter-Gatherer.

Neolithic Anatolian 91 · Bronze Age Anatolian 38 · Byzantine Empire 35 · Chalcolithic Anatolian 25 · Iron Age Anatolian 10

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 2,545 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 903 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 550 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 244 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Turkey: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/turkey/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.