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Dagestan: haplogroups

FamilyTreeDNA has 1,065 kits with a Y-DNA result and 53 kits with mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). Only kits that name Dagestan are counted here; those who gave just the country are on the Russia page. On the paternal line the most common are J1-Z1842 — 53%, J2a — 11% and R1b-Z2103 (M12149) — 9%. On the maternal line the most common are H — 30%, T2 — 13% and T1a — 8%. YFull has 118 samples for Y from the same area, and its mix of major branches is noticeably different. The largest gap is J1-CTS1460: 24% on FTDNA against 11% on YFull.

Compare with…
67.8
Y-DNA · kits per 100,000 men
rank 3 of 12 among Russian regions. About 1.6 million men (census, 2021). A kit's country is the ancestor's homeland, not where the tester lives
1.7
mtDNA · kits per 100,000 people
rank 4 of 4 among Russian regions. About 3.2 million people (census, 2021)

Paternal line · Y-DNA

1,065 kits · 30 branches
Main branches of the Y tree. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches; sub-branches are indented. Age is how many years ago the branch's common ancestor lived (TMRCA).
J
718 · 67.4% 30k years
J1
597 · 56.1% 19k years
Z1842
565 · 53.1% 6,400 years
CTS1460
259 · 24.3% 5,900 years
ZS3089
121 · 11.4% 6,300 years
ZS3042
57 · 5.4% 6,000 years
J2
121 · 11.4% 28k years
J2a
113 · 10.6% 20k years
M67
56 · 5.3% 13k years
Z7671
27 · 2.5% 13k years
M92
22 · 2.1% 8,000 years
Z2222
30 · 2.8% 16k years
L25
18 · 1.7% 8,800 years
R
151 · 14.2% 28k years
R1b-Z2103 (M12149)
92 · 8.6% 5,700 years
Z2106
46 · 4.3% 5,500 years
L584
23 · 2.2% 5,200 years
R1a-M198
43 · 4.0% 8,500 years
Z93
24 · 2.3% 4,700 years
Z2124
19 · 1.8% 4,500 years
Z282
19 · 1.8% 4,800 years
G
75 · 7.0% 28k years
G2a
70 · 6.6% 19k years
G2a1-Z6552
34 · 3.2% 17k years
L1266
22 · 2.1% 8,500 years
L
33 · 3.1% 24k years
M317
19 · 1.8% 14k years
E1b1b-M35
28 · 2.6% 25k years
I
23 · 2.2% 35k years
I2
18 · 1.7% 25k years
other
37 · 3.5%

Among the rest: T 12, N 9, C 7, H 6, Q 2, O 1.

Maternal line · mtDNA

53 kits · 11 branches
Main mt-tree branches grouped by letter, sub-branches indented. Each branch counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches. Age is how many years ago the branch's common foremother lived, from FTDNA data where available.
H
16 · 30% 11k years
H1
4 of 53 7,900 years
H2a
3 of 53 8,000 years
T
11 · 21% 20k years
T2
7 · 13% 15k years
T1a
4 of 53 13k years
J
6 · 11% 35k years
J1
3 of 53 28k years
J2b1f
3 of 53 4,300 years
U2'3'4'7'8'9
5 · 9% 50k years
K1a
3 of 53 11k years
other
12 · 23%

Among the rest: W 2, X 2, C 1, D 1, I 1, N 1, A 1, V 1, HV 1.

Migration paths of the characteristic branches #

Paths of the region's main characteristic branches, as modelled by FamilyTreeDNA Discover, on one calendar clock: in each year a branch stands where its ancestral line was. Grey is a stretch of path shared by several branches; the large marker is the branch itself.

Show the mapHide the map The map unfolds by itself as you scroll down to it.

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The time scale is logarithmic: the closer to the present, the longer a year takes.

The same branches are in the tree on this page.

Dagestan: Y-DNA #

Distinctive branches

Branches found here far more often than worldwide: their share is more than 3× the world share. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 10 kits are included.

  • J-Z1842 J1-Z1842: 565 kits · 53.1% (95% confidence interval: 50–56%) (×106.2) 6,400 years
  • R-M12149 R1b-Z2103 (M12149): 92 kits · 8.6% (95% confidence interval: 7–10%) (×7.5) 5,700 years
  • J-M304 J: 718 kits · 67.4% (95% confidence interval: 65–70%) (×5.1) 30k years
  • R-Z2106 R1b-Z2106: 46 kits · 4.3% (95% confidence interval: 3–6%) (×6.6) 5,500 years
  • J-Z7675: 25 kits · 2.3% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×5.8) 8,300 years
  • G-Z6779: 25 kits · 2.3% (95% confidence interval: 2–3%) (×5.7) 11k years
  • L-M22 L-M22: 31 kits · 2.9% (95% confidence interval: 2–4%) (×5.1) 20k years
  • J-Z1847: 53 kits · 5.0% (95% confidence interval: 4–6%) (×3.6) 13k years

Most similar countries

Countries whose mix of major branches looks most like this one. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix, lower means less in common. Computed only for countries with 100+ kits.

1–10%11–19%20–27%28–35%36–69%Dagestanunder 100 kits
All 111 countries and regions by similarity
  1. Azerbaijan 69%
  2. Chechnya 61%
  3. Armenia 61%
  4. Turkey 61%
  5. Georgia 58%
  6. Iran 51%
  7. Orstkhoy (Aosta Valley in FTDNA) 47%
  8. Iraq 45%
  9. Lebanon 43%
  10. Greece 42%
  11. Ingushetia 42%
  12. Syria 41%
  13. Adygea 41%
  14. Italy (Sicily) 39%
  15. Tajikistan 39%
  16. Bahrain 38%
  17. Romania 37%
  18. Italy 36%
  19. Bulgaria 36%
  20. Hungary 36%
  21. Ukraine 36%
  22. Kuwait 35%
  23. Austria 35%
  24. Egypt 33%
  25. Uzbekistan 33%
  26. Belarus 33%
  27. Lithuania 33%
  28. Afghanistan 33%
  29. United Arab Emirates 32%
  30. Qatar 32%
  31. Israel 32%
  32. Kazakhstan 31%
  33. Palestine 31%
  34. Poland 31%
  35. Bashkortostan 30%
  36. Moldova 30%
  37. Pakistan 30%
  38. Tatarstan 30%
  39. Slovakia 30%
  40. Latvia 29%
  41. Saudi Arabia 29%
  42. Jordan 29%
  43. Czech Republic 28%
  44. Macedonia 28%
  45. Spain 27%
  46. Germany 26%
  47. Portugal 25%
  48. Tunisia 25%
  49. India 24%
  50. Brazil 23%
  51. Oman 23%
  52. Algeria 23%
  53. Albania 23%
  54. Morocco 22%
  55. Switzerland 22%
  56. Serbia 22%
  57. France 21%
  58. Yemen 21%
  59. Chuvashia 21%
  60. Mexico 21%
  61. Cuba 20%
  62. Argentina 20%
  63. Libya 20%
  64. Croatia 20%
  65. Netherlands 19%
  66. Belgium 19%
  67. Slovenia 19%
  68. Mordovia 18%
  69. Chile 18%
  70. Montenegro 18%
  71. Bosnia and Herzegovina 18%
  72. Sudan 17%
  73. Colombia 17%
  74. Sri Lanka 16%
  75. United States 16%
  76. Canada 15%
  77. United Kingdom 15%
  78. Luxembourg 15%
  79. Puerto Rico 15%
  80. England 15%
  81. Denmark 14%
  82. South Africa 14%
  83. Australia 13%
  84. United States (Native American) 13%
  85. Estonia 12%
  86. Sweden 11%
  87. Scotland 11%
  88. Dominican Republic 11%
  89. Wales 10%
  90. Jamaica 10%
  91. Ireland 9%
  92. China 9%
  93. Mongolia 9%
  94. Indonesia 9%
  95. Peru 9%
  96. Somalia 9%
  97. Norway 8%
  98. Northern Ireland 8%
  99. Finland 7%
  100. Karelia 7%
  101. New Zealand 6%
  102. Philippines 6%
  103. England (Cornish) 5%
  104. South Korea 4%
  105. Iceland 3%
  106. Japan 3%
  107. Vietnam 3%
  108. Cameroon 3%
  109. Nigeria 2%
  110. Ghana 1%
  111. Isle of Man 1%
YFull

The same country on YFull #

The same country at the second company, YFull. Its samples are placed on the FTDNA tree by shared mutations, so the branches are comparable. FTDNA share on the left, YFull on the right, then the difference in percentage points. Republics and other sub-regions are taken out of the country, as at FTDNA. Starred branches are nearly empty at YFull: every test there is whole-genome and reaches the fine branches. Only YFull customers (YF number) are counted, no ancient DNA. YFull data of 2026-11-02. The tree shows only its top three levels.

Y-DNA

1,065
FTDNA
kits
118
YFull
samples
FTDNAYFull
FTDNA · YFull · Δ
J J-M304
67.4% · 66.9%−0.5
J1 J-M267
56.1% · 44.9%−11.1
Z1842 J-Z1842
53.1% · 41.5%−11.5
J2 J-M172
11.4% · 22.0%+10.7
J2a J-M410
10.6% · 22.0%+11.4
R R-M207
14.2% · 11.9%−2.3
R1b-Z2103 (M12149) R-M12149
8.6% · 5.1%−3.6
Z2106 R-Z2106
4.3% · 5.1%+0.8
L584 R-L584
2.2% · 0.0%−2.2
R1a-M198 R-M198
4.0% · 4.2%+0.2
Z93 R-Z93
2.3% · 2.5%+0.3
Z282 R-Z282
1.8% · 1.7%−0.1
G G-M201
7.0% · 10.2%+3.1
G2a G-P15
6.6% · 10.2%+3.6
G2a1-Z6552 G-Z6552
3.2% · 7.6%+4.4
L1266 G-L1266
2.1% · 0.8%−1.2
L L-M20
3.1% · 4.2%+1.1
M317 L-M317
1.8% · 2.5%+0.8
E1b1b-M35 E-M35
2.6% · 2.5%−0.1
I I-L758
2.2% · 0.8%−1.3
I2 I-P215
1.7% · 0.0%−1.7

mtDNA

YFull has fewer than 30 samples from this country, too few to compare. 28 samples on YFull

The same country on the project maps

In the FTDNA geographic projects a member puts the place of their paternal or maternal ancestor on the map. Here those points are set against the public tree: solid bar the tree, hatched bar the points on the maps, copy of 2026-10-20. A person in several projects counts once. Branches as in the tree above: each counts every kit in it and in its sub-branches.

Y-DNA FTDNA 1,065 · Projects 694

FTDNAProjects
FTDNA · Projects · Δ
J J-M304
67.4% · 66.6%−0.8
J1 J-M267
56.1% · 54.5%−1.6
Z1842 J-Z1842
53.1% · 47.1%−5.9
CTS1460 J-CTS1460
24.3% · 21.6%−2.7
ZS3089 J-ZS3089
11.4% · 9.2%−2.1
ZS3042 J-ZS3042
5.4% · 5.9%+0.6
J2 J-M172
11.4% · 12.1%+0.7
J2a J-M410
10.6% · 9.1%−1.5
M67 J-M67
5.3% · 4.9%−0.4
R R-M207
14.2% · 15.4%+1.2
R1b-Z2103 (M12149) R-M12149
8.6% · 7.6%−1
Z2106 R-Z2106
4.3% · 4.0%−0.3
G G-M201
7.0% · 6.9%−0.1
G2a G-P15
6.6% · 5.9%−0.7
708
Y-DNA · People on the map
694 of them have a branch of the tree; relatives with one ancestor at one place count as one, 676 such votes
88%
Y-DNA · SNP-confirmed
that many have the branch confirmed by an SNP test, the rest predicted from STRs
69%
agreement with YFull · Y
how closely the Y tree branches match between FTDNA and YFull, each branch counted without its sub-branches. 100% is identical, below 80% is visibly different.
J-CTS1460 −13.3
gap to YFull · Y
the Y branch whose share differs most between the two companies: FTDNA 24.3%, YFull 11.0%
29% / 21%
reached the finest branch: YFull / FTDNA
share of YFull samples and FTDNA kits that reached the finest branch of the FTDNA tree. On average a YFull sample sits 31.5 branchings from the root, an FTDNA kit 27.3
21%
Y-DNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.
35%
Big Y
rough share of kits with a Big Y test, a full read of the Y chromosome. It is estimated from the branches where the region's kits sit, so it is an estimate, not a count.
28%
mtDNA · on leaves
share of kits that reached the finest branch of the tree. The rest stopped at a broad branch: their test was not detailed enough.

New this month #

FTDNA: how much the kit count grew between the tree copies of 2026-10-09 and 2026-11-12. A kit that moved to a new sub-branch after refinement is not counted as new. YFull: samples YFull itself marks as new, in the copy of 2026-11-02; YFull drops the mark after a few weeks.

+84
Y-DNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-09 → 2026-11-12
+1
mtDNA, FTDNA
new kits, 2026-10-12 → 2026-11-11
+3
Y-DNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02
+1
mtDNA, YFull
new samples as of 2026-11-02

Y-DNA: branches that grew

mtDNA: branches that grew

New Y-DNA samples in YFull

New mtDNA samples in YFull

YFull

Peoples and languages on YFull #

Native language reported by YFull customers from this region. These are the testers' own answers, not a census.

Ancient relatives of male lines #

Which cultures of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) the local male lines lead to most closely. The share is how many kits lead to a culture; the range is in brackets.

Dagestan Kura–Araxes culture: 52.6% Kura–Araxes culture ≈ 2,500 BCE · lines: 7 53% 47%
Dagestan Kura–Araxes culture Kura–Araxes culture · J1: 52.5% J1 Kura–Araxes culture: J1 → J1 52.5% J1 56% J2a 11% R1b 10% G2a 7% R1a 4% L 3% T 1% … 6%
Left: the major branches through which the lines lead to a culture; right: all major branches. Grey: the part of a branch without ancient relatives of this era.
How it is counted
  • Branches of the era. We take the ancient samples whose date falls inside the era, and compare the lines as they stood 1,500 years before the era ends.
  • A culture’s profile is the share of its lines on those branches. The number of samples does not change a weight: a culture of seven men weighs as much as one of a hundred and twenty.
  • A shallow test. An ancient man typed above the cut is spread over the branches under his node, by how many men each holds now. Today’s kits are treated the same way.
  • Who is admitted. A culture takes part when its sharply typed men cover 25% of the population on their own: branch by branch we add the smaller of the two shares, the culture’s and the population’s. One dug within 550 km needs only 0.5%.
  • The shares. We pick the weights of the cultures so that their mixture comes as close as it can to today’s set of branches.
  • Look-alike cultures. When cultures share almost all their branches, the data cannot say whose kin the men are. So we do not split the share between them: they get one bar.
  • The range. We recount everything on random subsets of the samples. In brackets are the bounds the share keeps in nine runs out of ten. A share that can fall below 5%, or below half of itself, is not shown at all.

What it does not mean. This is kinship of male lines, not the origin of a people. The female lines say nothing here. Who takes a test is a matter of chance, so the shares compare between countries, not with a census.

Ancient samples

From excavations on this territory: 7 samples by Y-DNA and 1 sample by mtDNA. The oldest: 2,900 BCE, Kura–Araxes culture.

Ginchi 6 · Kura–Araxes culture 1

All ancient samples →

Data on this page: FamilyTreeDNA Y tree, 12 November 2026: 1,065 kits; FamilyTreeDNA mtDNA tree, 11 November 2026: 53 kits; YFull Y tree, 2 November 2026: 118 samples; YFull mtDNA tree, 2 November 2026: 28 samples.

How to cite: ftdnastat, "Dagestan: Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups", https://ftdnastat.github.io/en/c/russia-dagestan/, data of 2026-11-14, build 20261114-18dba71.

The data is licensed under CC BY 4.0: take it, rework it, just credit ftdnastat.