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Bronze Age Central Asian

112
Y-DNA
samples
3,705 BCE – 604 BCE
Period

All Y-DNA samples of this culture from the FamilyTreeDNA Discover database. The culture name is kept as in the source. All archaeological cultures

Y-DNA

By period #

4,000–3,000 BCE
1 · 0.9%
3,000–2,000 BCE
26 · 23.2%
2,000–1,000 BCE
82 · 73.2%
1,000–0 BCE
3 · 2.7%
Y-DNA

Branches #

R-Z2124
16 · 14.3%
R-S23592
12 · 10.7%
Q-L330
9 · 8.0%
N-P189
7 · 6.3%
N-L729
5 · 4.5%
R-PF6162
5 · 4.5%
R-Z93
5 · 4.5%
R-Z2109
4 · 3.6%
Q-F1096
4 · 3.6%
R-FGC13203
3 · 2.7%
R-Y934
3 · 2.7%
Q-F749
2 · 1.8%

Where found #

Studies #

  • Narasimhan et al. 2019 77
  • Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project 15
  • C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature) 13
  • Akbari et al. 2026 11
  • Mathieson et al. 2015 7
  • H. Wang et al. 2023 6
  • Allentoft et al. 2024 4
  • Kumar et al. 2022 4
  • Allentoft et al. 2015 3
  • Jeong et al. 2020 2
  • Ziesemer et al. 2018 2
  • Wohns et al. 2022 1
  • J. Lee et al. 2025 1
  • Sirak et al. 2020 1

Paternal lines of the ancients #

Source: FamilyTreeDNA Discover.

Paternal lines of the ancients
Sample Site Region Date Branch Study
Fofonovo 1 FNO001 Fofonovo, Buryatia Russian Federation 3,705 BCE N-MF47236 Jeong et al. 2020
Kumsay I11734 Kumsay, Kyryk Oba Kazakhstan 2,967 BCE Q-F749 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Okunevo 77 NEO77 Okunevo 5 and 7, SW Siberia Russian Federation 2,782 BCE Q-M346 ? Allentoft et al. 2024
Bobrovka 7671 I7671 Bobrovka, Samara Russian Federation 2,779 BCE R-Y20993 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Grachevka 6294 I6294 Grachevka, Samara Russian Federation 2,759 BCE R-KMS75 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Yenisey 47 I3949 Yenisey River, Altai Mountains Russian Federation 2,668 BCE Q-FTA37737 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019; Wohns et al. 2022
Volvograd 555 RISE555 Stalingrad Quarry, Volvograd Russian Federation 2,648 BCE R-Z2106 ? Allentoft et al. 2015
Habahe 22B C794 Habahe, Xinjiang China 2,548 BCE Q-NGQ1 ? Kumar et al. 2022
Zongri 46 CSP046 Zongri, Hainan, Qinghai China 2,381 BCE N-F2407 ? H. Wang et al. 2023
Mereke 11735 I11735 Kurgan, Mereke Kazakhstan 2,378 BCE N-FT171373 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Nikolaevka 8745 I8745 Nikolaevka Kurgan, Samara Oblast Russian Federation 2,350 BCE R-KMS67 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zongri 57 CSP057 Zongri, Hainan, Qinghai China 2,261 BCE N-F2407 ? H. Wang et al. 2023
Tuoganbai 3-2 C1702 Tuoganbai, Xinjiang China 2,250 BCE Q-L330 ? Kumar et al. 2022
Tuoganbai 2-1 C1704 Tuoganbai, Xinjiang China 2,250 BCE R-M12149 ? Kumar et al. 2022
Tuoganbai 2-3 C1700 Tuoganbai, Xinjiang China 2,250 BCE R-Z2109 ? Kumar et al. 2022
Samara Valley 41 I0246 Samara River, Samara Russian Federation 2,188 BCE R-Z2124 ? Mathieson et al. 2015; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zongri 54 CSP054 Zongri, Hainan, Qinghai China 2,167 BCE N-M1845 ? H. Wang et al. 2023
Gonur 10409 I10409 Gonur tomb, Takhan Turkmenistan 2,163 BCE H-M2772 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Aigyrzhal 11526 I11526 Aigyrzhal, Naryn Kyrgyzstan 2,129 BCE Q-FT239288 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Gonur 2128 I2128 Tomb, Gonur Turkmenistan 2,106 BCE J-Z393 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Gonur 2087 I2087 Tomb, Gonur Turkmenistan 2,101 BCE R-M479 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Gonur 7101 I7101 Tomb, Gonur Turkmenistan 2,100 BCE R-P267 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Mereke 11737 I11737 Kurgan, Mereke Kazakhstan 2,096 BCE N-FGC28421 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Gonur 11041 I11041 Tomb, Gonur Turkmenistan 2,065 BCE R-Y130994 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Samara Valley 27 I0419 Samara River, Samara Russian Federation 2,050 BCE R-Z2124 ? Mathieson et al. 2015; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Gonur 6119 I6119 Tomb, Gonur Turkmenistan 2,025 BCE Q-M346 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zevakinskiy 3770 I3770 Zevakinskiy stone fence, Shemonaikha District Kazakhstan 2,018 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Arbulag Soum 24 H24 Arbulag Soum, Khövsgöl Mongolia 2,000 BCE Q-BZ181 ? Ziesemer et al. 2018
Arbulag Soum 10 H10 Arbulag Soum, Khövsgöl Mongolia 2,000 BCE Q-Y146631 Ziesemer et al. 2018
Kokcha 8507 I8507 Kokcha Uzbekistan 2,000 BCE R-M417 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Aigyrzhal 11527 I11527 Aigyrzhal, Naryn Kyrgyzstan 1,993 BCE J-Z38363 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zongri 205 C205 Zongri, Hainan, Qinghai China 1,968 BCE N-F2407 ? H. Wang et al. 2023
Gonur 2085 I2085 Gonur Turkmenistan 1,931 BCE E-M34 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Sappali Tepe 7492 I7492 Sappali Tepe, Surxondaryo Region Uzbekistan 1,903 BCE R-FGC13203 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Gonur 7170 I7170 Gonur Depe, Mary Turkmenistan 1,900 BCE R-M479 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Sjauke 900 NEO900 Sjauke, Pavlodar Kazakhstan 1,854 BCE N-FGC28421 ? Allentoft et al. 2024
Samara Valley 8 I0360 Samara River, Samara Russian Federation 1,850 BCE R-PF6162 ? Mathieson et al. 2015; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Sappali Tepe 7421 I7421 Sappali Tepe, Surxondaryo Region Uzbekistan 1,840 BCE J-FTC30107 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zongri 49 CSP049 Zongri, Hainan, Qinghai China 1,819 BCE N-F1173 ? H. Wang et al. 2023
Sappali Tepe 7419 I7419 Sappali Tepe, Surxondaryo Region Uzbekistan 1,804 BCE R-FTB41783 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Sappali Tepe 7420 I7420 Sappali Tepe, Surxondaryo Region Uzbekistan 1,800 BCE G-FTF18000 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Bustan 5604 I5604 Dry bed, Bustan river, Sherabad Uzbekistan 1,795 BCE L-M357 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Maitan 6789 I6789 Maitan, Belagash Kazakhstan 1,782 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Munkhkhairkhan 13173 I13173 Munkhkhairkhan sum, Khovd Mongolia 1,772 BCE N-Y147658 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maitan 6794 I6794 Maitan, Belagash Kazakhstan 1,765 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Georgievsky 11541 I11541 Burial, Georgievsky Bugor Kazakhstan 1,734 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Karagash 4262 I4262 Karagash Kazakhstan 1,726 BCE R-Y136354 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Samara Valley 32 I0424 Samara River, Samara Russian Federation 1,725 BCE R-Y210311 ? Mathieson et al. 2015; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Samara Valley 39 I0430 Samara River, Samara Russian Federation 1,725 BCE R-Z2124 ? Mathieson et al. 2015; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Karagash 4263 I4263 Karagash Kazakhstan 1,708 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Karagash 4778 I4778 Karagash Kazakhstan 1,697 BCE R-Y136354 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Khutag-Undur 6348 I6348 Haruulyn Gozgor tomb, Khutag-Undur Mongolia 1,682 BCE Q-FT421589 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Kairan 4568 I4568 Kairan Kazakhstan 1,681 BCE R-M417 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Maitan 6793 I6793 Maitan, Belagash Kazakhstan 1,681 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Kairan 4567 I4567 Kairan Kazakhstan 1,676 BCE R-Z93 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Kokcha 8506 I8506 Kokcha Uzbekistan 1,664 BCE Q-F4705 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 60 I3392 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,650 BCE R-FGC56408 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 56 I3389 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,650 BCE R-S23592 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 61 I3393 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,650 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 62 I3394 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,650 BCE R-S23592 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 65 I3396 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,650 BCE R-S23592 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 59 I3391 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,650 BCE R-YP1456 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Potroshilovo 1856 I1856 Potroshilovo, Minusinsk Basin Russian Federation 1,590 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Oy-Dzhaylau 3788 I3788 Oy-Dzhaylau, Merki Kazakhstan 1,586 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Bustan 11027 I11027 Grave, Bustan Uzbekistan 1,576 BCE J-Y91736 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Aktogai 4265 I4265 Aktogai Kazakhstan 1,572 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Kyzyl Bulak 4784 I4784 Kyzyl Bulak, Enbekshikazakh Kazakhstan 1,558 BCE Q-BZ4911 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Aktogai 4773 I4773 Aktogai, Urzhar Kazakhstan 1,558 BCE R-FTF10113 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Aktogai 4774 I4774 Aktogai, Urzhar District Kazakhstan 1,553 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Bustan 11520 I11520 Grave, Bustan Uzbekistan 1,547 BCE R-FT22619 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 64 I6718 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,543 BCE R-S23592 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Potroshilovo 1821 I1821 Potroshilovo, Minusinsk Basin Russian Federation 1,540 BCE R-PF6162 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Potroshilovo 1853 I1853 Potroshilovo, Minusinsk Basin Russian Federation 1,534 BCE R-PF6162 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Kazakh Mys 4322 I4322 Kazakh Mys, Urzhar District Kazakhstan 1,534 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Samara Valley 9 I0361 Samara River, Samara Russian Federation 1,525 BCE R-Z2124 ? Mathieson et al. 2015; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Samara Valley 12 I0232 Tatarstan oblast, Novosel'ki Russian Federation 1,525 BCE R-Z93 ? Mathieson et al. 2015; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Ust-Bir 1851 I1851 Ust-Bir, Minusinsk Basin Russian Federation 1,513 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Dzharkutan 4315 I4315 Grave, Dzharkutan Uzbekistan 1,511 BCE R-FTB14 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Kazakh Mys 4783 I4783 Kazakh Mys, Urzhar District Kazakhstan 1,506 BCE R-S23592 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Oy-Dzhaylau 4791 I4791 Oy-Dzhaylau, Merki Kazakhstan 1,506 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Taldysay 4794 I4794 Taldysay, Aktobe Kazakhstan 1,500 BCE J-Z7700 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zevakinskiy 3763 I3763 Zevakinskiy stone fence, Shemonaikha District Kazakhstan 1,495 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Oy-Dzhaylau 4790 I4790 Oy-Dzhaylau, Merki Kazakhstan 1,483 BCE R-Y136354 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Saint Petersburg 58 I6717 Orak burial place, Krasnoyarsk Krai Russian Federation 1,451 BCE Q-Y244218 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Narasimhan et al. 2019
Tuvshinshiree 12972 I12972 Tuvshinshiree sum, Sükhbaatar aimag Mongolia 1,397 BCE Q-FT394800 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Uvurkhangai 12960 I12960 Uvurkhangai, Khujirt sum Mongolia 1,382 BCE Q-F4743 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Kytmanovo 512 RISE512 Kytmanovo, Altai Republic Russian Federation 1,378 BCE R-Z2124 ? Allentoft et al. 2015
Tuvshinshiree 14037 I14037 Tuvshinshiree sum, Sükhbaatar aimag Mongolia 1,356 BCE Q-FT394800 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Borovjanka 81 NEO81 Borovjanka, SW Siberia Russian Federation 1,347 BCE R-YP4141 ? Allentoft et al. 2024
Saint Petersburg 34 I6675 Sumbar Turkmenistan 1,300 BCE R-FGC61414 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Khutag 12973 I12973 Khutag undur sum, Bulgan Mongolia 1,276 BCE Q-FTA37655 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Taldysay 4787 I4787 Taldysay, Aktobe Kazakhstan 1,266 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Erdentsogt 13766 I13766 Erdentsogt sum, Bayankhongor aimag Mongolia 1,258 BCE Q-BZ181 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 4 MKT004 Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai Mongolia 1,250 BCE N-CTS8410 J. Lee et al. 2025
Ulziit 13767 I13767 Ulziit sum, Bayankhongor aimag Mongolia 1,248 BCE Q-BZ181 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Uushigiin 1 UUS001 Uushigiin Uver, Khuvsgul Mongolia 1,198 BCE J-Z18292 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Bayan-Ulgii 6367 I6367 Bayan-Ulgi, Altai Mongolia 1,166 BCE O-F2137 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Khavtsal 12975 I12975 Khankh sum, Khuvsgul aimag Mongolia 1,160 BCE C-F16878 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Zevakinskiy 4295 I4295 Zevakinskiy stone fence, Barashki Kazakhstan 1,140 BCE R-Z93 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Ulziit 13768 I13768 Ulziit sum, Bayankhongor aimag Mongolia 1,124 BCE N-Y148364 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature); Sirak et al. 2020
Khovd 7039 I7039 Khoit Tsenkheriin, Khovd Mongolia 1,116 BCE Q-FTA37655 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Kashkarchi 4153 I4153 Burial Kashkarchi, Ferghana Uzbekistan 1,100 BCE R-PF6162 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Kashkarchi 4255 I4255 Burial Kashkarchi, Ferghana Uzbekistan 1,100 BCE R-Z93 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zevakinskiy 4267 I4267 Zevakinskiy stone fence, Barashki Kazakhstan 1,092 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zevakinskiy 3976 I3976 Zevakinskiy stone fence, Barashki Kazakhstan 1,085 BCE Q-L332 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Zevakinskiy 3977 I3977 Zevakinskiy stone fence, Barashki Kazakhstan 1,065 BCE R-M478 Narasimhan et al. 2019
Erdentsogt 13505 I13505 Erdentsogt sum, Bayankhongor aimag Mongolia 1,051 BCE Q-M120 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Kapova 525 RISE525 Kapova cave, Republic of Bashkortostan Russian Federation 1,050 BCE R-PF6162 ? Allentoft et al. 2015
Zevakinskiy 3753 I3753 Zevakinskiy stone fence, Shemonaikha District Kazakhstan 1,027 BCE R-Z2124 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019
Tingcun 3430 C3430 Tingcun, Shannan, Tibet China 945 BCE O-Y27883 ? H. Wang et al. 2023
Bazaiha 70 NEO70 Bazaiha, Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation 802 BCE N-MF47236 Allentoft et al. 2024
Chanchar 11537 I11537 Kurgan, Chanchar Kazakhstan 604 BCE R-Z93 ? Narasimhan et al. 2019