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Mongolia: ancient DNA

195
Y-DNA
samples
23
mtDNA
samples

People whose remains archaeologists found and whose DNA labs have read. The date is the middle of the dating interval, radiocarbon or by archaeological context. Branches link to branch pages where one exists. All archaeological cultures

Y-DNA

By period #

6,000–5,000 BCE
5 · 2.6%
4,000–3,000 BCE
2 · 1.0%
3,000–2,000 BCE
6 · 3.1%
2,000–1,000 BCE
52 · 26.7%
1,000–0 BCE
61 · 31.3%
0–1,000 CE
30 · 15.4%
1,000–2,000 CE
39 · 20.0%
Y-DNA

Branches #

Q-L330
37 · 19.0%
Q-F1096
21 · 10.8%
C-F3830
9 · 4.6%
N-CTS6380
7 · 3.6%
R-S23592
7 · 3.6%
R-M343
7 · 3.6%
C-F4006
7 · 3.6%
C-F1756
6 · 3.1%
C-F12021
6 · 3.1%
R-FGC56408
5 · 2.6%
J-Z37821
5 · 2.6%
N-L708
4 · 2.1%
Y-DNA

Cultures #

All archaeological cultures

mtDNA

By period #

33,000–32,000 BCE
1 · 4.3%
6,000–5,000 BCE
4 · 17.4%
2,000–1,000 BCE
4 · 17.4%
1,000–0 BCE
8 · 34.8%
0–1,000 CE
4 · 17.4%
1,000–2,000 CE
1 · 4.3%
mtDNA

Branches #

D4j
5 · 21.7%
C4a1a
4 · 17.4%
D4
2 · 8.7%
N
1 · 4.3%
HV
1 · 4.3%
U2e1
1 · 4.3%
U7a
1 · 4.3%
A
1 · 4.3%
U4b1a1a1
1 · 4.3%
F1
1 · 4.3%
D4b
1 · 4.3%
D5
1 · 4.3%

Paternal lines of the ancients #

Source: FamilyTreeDNA Discover.

Paternal lines of the ancients
Sample Culture Site Date Branch Study
Khutag-Undur 11696 I11696 Neolithic Central Asian Tomb, Khutag-Undur 5,578 BCE C-FTA37248 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Bulgan 11698 I11698 Neolithic Central Asian Khutag-Undur sum, Bulgan 5,570 BCE C-F25764 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Bulgan 13698 I13698 Neolithic Central Asian Egiin-gol river valley, Bulgan, Khutag-Undur sum 5,554 BCE C-F25764 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Khutag-Undur 11697 I11697 Neolithic Central Asian Tomb, Khutag-Undur 5,550 BCE C-FTA37248 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Bulgan 7021 I7021 East Asian Hunter-Gatherer Norovlin Uul burial, Dornod aimag 5,100 BCE C-B77 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Shatar Chuluu 1 I6222 Afanasievo Shatar Chuluu, Erdenetsogt 3,059 BCE R-P310 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature); Jeong et al. 2020
Shatar Chuluu 2 I6221 Afanasievo Shatar Chuluu, Erdenetsogt 3,046 BCE J-Y136779 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature); Jeong et al. 2020
Ulgii 12977 I12977 Ulgii Secondary burial, Bayan-Ulgiii aimag 2,872 BCE C-FTD31081 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Bayan-Ulgiii 13957 I13957 Afanasievo Ulgii Kurgak govi barrow 1, Bayan-Ulgiii aimag 2,675 BCE C-FTD31081 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Bulgan 12978 I12978 Chemurchek Bulgan sum, Khovd 2,522 BCE R-FT130482 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Yagshiin Huduu 1 IAG001 Chemurchek Yagshiin Huduu, Khovd 2,517 BCE R-FT130482 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Yagshiin khodoo 12957 I12957 Chemurchek Yagshiin khodoo, Khovd 2,512 BCE R-Z2109 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Yagshiin 1 YAG001 Chemurchek Yagshiin khodoo, Khovd 2,512 BCE R-Z2109 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Arbulag Soum 24 H24 Bronze Age Central Asian Arbulag Soum, Khövsgöl 2,000 BCE Q-BZ181 ? Ziesemer et al. 2018
Arbulag Soum 10 H10 Bronze Age Central Asian Arbulag Soum, Khövsgöl 2,000 BCE Q-Y146631 Ziesemer et al. 2018
Zavkhan 12955 I12955 Mönkhkhairkhan Barrow, Bayantes 1,874 BCE N-B187 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Munkhkhairkhan 13173 I13173 Bronze Age Central Asian Munkhkhairkhan sum, Khovd 1,772 BCE N-Y147658 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaan Goviin Uzuur 1 UAA001 Mönkhkhairkhan Ulaan Goviin Uzuur, Khovd 1,772 BCE N-Y147658 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Khutag-Undur 6348 I6348 Bronze Age Central Asian Haruulyn Gozgor tomb, Khutag-Undur 1,682 BCE Q-FT421589 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Khukh 1 KHU001 Mönkhkhairkhan Khukh Khoshuunii, Zavkhan 1,500 BCE Q-L330 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Munkhkhairkhan 13174 I13174 Sagsai Munkhkhairkhan sum, Khovd 1,460 BCE Q-BZ181 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Arbulag 16 ARS016 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,439 BCE Q-Y146631 Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Maikhan Tolgoi 12 MKT012 Deer Stone-Khirgisuur Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,428 BCE Q-L330 ? J. Lee et al. 2025
Tuvshinshiree 12972 I12972 Bronze Age Central Asian Tuvshinshiree sum, Sükhbaatar aimag 1,397 BCE Q-FT394800 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 10 MKT010 Deer Stone-Khirgisuur Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,395 BCE Q-BZ181 J. Lee et al. 2025
Ulaankhus 12976 I12976 Sagsai Ulaankhus sum, Bayan-Ulgiii aimag 1,382 BCE N-MF67141 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Uvurkhangai 12960 I12960 Bronze Age Central Asian Uvurkhangai, Khujirt sum 1,382 BCE Q-F4743 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Shar Gobi 1 SBG001 Andronovo Shar Gobi, Khovd 1,376 BCE Q-L330 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tuvshinshiree 14037 I14037 Bronze Age Central Asian Tuvshinshiree sum, Sükhbaatar aimag 1,356 BCE Q-FT394800 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 5 MKT005 Deer Stone-Khirgisuur Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,315 BCE Q-BZ181 J. Lee et al. 2025
Ulaanzuukh 1 ULN001 Ulaanzuukh Ulaanzuukh, Sukhbaatar 1,313 BCE Q-FT394800 Jeong et al. 2020
Arbulag 25 ARS025 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,313 BCE Q-M346 ? Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Arbulag 15 ARS015 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,305 BCE Q-M120 ? Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Bulgiin 1 BUL001 Ulaanzuukh Bulgiin Ekh, Sukhbaatar 1,300 BCE Q-F4743 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Bulgiin 2 BUL002 Ulaanzuukh Bulgiin Ekh, Sukhbaatar 1,300 BCE Q-FT394800 Jeong et al. 2020
Ulaanzuukh 7 ULN007 Ulaanzuukh Ulaanzuukh, Sukhbaatar 1,300 BCE Q-FT394800 Jeong et al. 2020
Khutag 12973 I12973 Bronze Age Central Asian Khutag undur sum, Bulgan 1,276 BCE Q-FTA37655 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 2 MKT002 Deer Stone-Khirgisuur Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,266 BCE Q-BZ181 ? J. Lee et al. 2025
Erdentsogt 13766 I13766 Bronze Age Central Asian Erdentsogt sum, Bayankhongor aimag 1,258 BCE Q-BZ181 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 4 MKT004 Bronze Age Central Asian Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,250 BCE N-CTS8410 J. Lee et al. 2025
Ulziit 13767 I13767 Bronze Age Central Asian Ulziit sum, Bayankhongor aimag 1,248 BCE Q-BZ181 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Tsats Tolgoi 3 TST003 Deer Stone-Khirgisuur Tsats Tolgoi, Arkhangai 1,243 BCE Q-BZ181 ? J. Lee et al. 2025
Berkh 2 BER002 Early Mongol Berkh Mountain, Khovd 1,229 BCE N-B187 Jeong et al. 2020
Arbulag 8 ARS008 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,223 BCE Q-Y146631 Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Arbulag 7 ARS007 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,222 BCE Q-Y146631 Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Uushigiin 1 UUS001 Bronze Age Central Asian Uushigiin Uver, Khuvsgul 1,198 BCE J-Z18292 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Uliastai 1 ULI001 Mongun-Taiga Uliastai River, Khovd 1,198 BCE R-S23592 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Bayan-Ulgii 6367 I6367 Bronze Age Central Asian Bayan-Ulgi, Altai 1,166 BCE O-F2137 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Khavtsal 12975 I12975 Bronze Age Central Asian Khankh sum, Khuvsgul aimag 1,160 BCE C-F16878 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Bulgan 6363 I6363 Sagsai Bulgan sum, Khovd 1,145 BCE R-Y39740 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 8 MKT008 Deer Stone-Khirgisuur Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,141 BCE Q-FT421589 J. Lee et al. 2025
Arbulag 11 ARS011 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,131 BCE Q-M346 ? Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Ulziit 13768 I13768 Bronze Age Central Asian Ulziit sum, Bayankhongor aimag 1,124 BCE N-Y148364 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature); Sirak et al. 2020
Khovd 7039 I7039 Bronze Age Central Asian Khoit Tsenkheriin, Khovd 1,116 BCE Q-FTA37655 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 7033 I7033 Sagsai Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 1,116 BCE R-S23592 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Arbulag 5 ARS005 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,088 BCE Q-BZ181 ? Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Maikhan Tolgoi 7 MKT007 Deer Stone-Khirgisuur Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,070 BCE Q-BZ181 ? J. Lee et al. 2025
Morin Tolgoi 1 MIT001 Slab Grave Morin Tolgoi, Tuv 1,064 BCE Q-M120 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Delgerkhaan 12969 I12969 Slab Grave Delgerkhaan sum, Khentii 1,051 BCE Q-FT9308 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Erdentsogt 13505 I13505 Bronze Age Central Asian Erdentsogt sum, Bayankhongor aimag 1,051 BCE Q-M120 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 15 MKT015 Slab Grave Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,050 BCE Q-FT9308 J. Lee et al. 2025
Arbulag 4 ARS004 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,033 BCE Q-BZ181 ? Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Maikhan Tolgoi 6 MKT006 Slab Grave Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 1,011 BCE Q-F4743 ? J. Lee et al. 2025
Arbulag 26 ARS026 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,007 BCE R-Y176451 Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Arbulag 18 ARS018 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 1,001 BCE Q-L54 ? Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Khujirt 6352 I6352 Slab Grave Khujirt sum, Uvurkhangai 999 BCE Q-M120 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Tarvagatain Am 1 KHI001 Iron Age Central Asian Tarvagatain Am, Khovd 981 BCE N-CTS11713 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Shunkhlai 1 SHU001 Slab Grave Shunkhlai Mountain, Uvurkhangai 981 BCE Q-FT9308 Jeong et al. 2020
Khujirt 6353 I6353 Slab Grave Khujirt sum, Uvurkhangai 952 BCE Q-M120 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Arbulag 1 ARS001 Khövsgöl Khövsgöl, Arbulag 930 BCE Q-BZ181 ? Jeong et al. 2018 (PNAS)
Dariganga 6349 I6349 Slab Grave Dariganga sum, Sükhbaatar aimag 831 BCE Q-M120 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Burentogtoh 6365 I6365 Slab Grave Burentogtoh sum, Khuvsgul aimag 794 BCE N-Y303207 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Khuruugiin Uzuur 1 KHG001 Slab Grave Khuruugiin Uzuur, Arkhangai 792 BCE N-L839 ? J. Lee et al. 2025
Alag-Erdene 6359 I6359 Slab Grave Alag-Erdene sum, Khuvsgul aimag 750 BCE Q-BZ181 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Maikhan Tolgoi 16 MKT016 Slab Grave Maikhan Tolgoi, Övörkhangai 577 BCE Q-FT9308 J. Lee et al. 2025
Dartsagt 1 DAR001 Slab Grave Dartsagt, Ulaanbaatar 576 BCE N-L708 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tsats Tolgoi 1 TST001 Slab Grave Tsats Tolgoi, Arkhangai 568 BCE Q-FT9308 J. Lee et al. 2025
Ulaan-Uul 13504 I13504 Iron Age Central Asian Ulaangom sum, Khuvsgul aimag 418 BCE Q-BZ2200 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 12970 I12970 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs Aimag 336 BCE Q-FTA37701 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 7027 I7027 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 328 BCE R-PH1397 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 6356 I6356 Sagly Ulaangom cemetery, Ulaangom 300 BCE Q-Y12690 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Chandman 3 CHN003 Chandman Chandman Mountain, Uvs 300 BCE Q-Y145452 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Ulaangom 7022 I7022 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 294 BCE Q-FT414149 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 7030 I7030 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 294 BCE R-S23592 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 7024 I7024 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 294 BCE R-Y39884 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Chandman 16 CHN016 Chandman Chandman Mountain, Uvs 290 BCE Q-FTA37701 Jeong et al. 2020
Chandman 7 CHN007 Chandman Chandman Mountain, Uvs 290 BCE Q-L332 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Chandman 8 CHN008 Chandman Chandman Mountain, Uvs 290 BCE R-S23592 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Chandman 12 CHN012 Chandman Chandman Mountain, Uvs 290 BCE R-S23592 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Ulaangom 6232 I6232 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Ulaangom 289 BCE Q-FTA37701 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Chandman 1 CHN001 Chandman Chandman Mountain, Uvs 279 BCE R-PH1397 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Ulaangom 7029 I7029 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 275 BCE Q-Y145452 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 6224 I6224 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 275 BCE R-S23592 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 6233 I6233 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 275 BCE R-S23592 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 6225 I6225 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 275 BCE R-Z94 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Ulaangom 6231 I6231 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 268 BCE Q-FTA37701 C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Hovsgol 41 DA41 Xiongnu Hovsgol, Grave #14, Tungus & Eastern Steppe 198 BCE R-Y33147 ? Damgaard, Marchi et al. 2018 (Nature)
Ulaangom 6230 I6230 Sagly Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 181 BCE Q-L332 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Salkhityn 2 SKT002 Early Xiongnu Salkhityn Am, Khuvsgul 159 BCE R-Y207441 Jeong et al. 2020
Jargalantyn 1 JAG001 Early Xiongnu Jargalantyn Khondii, Jargalantyn Am, Khentii 150 BCE C-Y11606 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Omnogobi 43 DA43 Xiongnu Omnogobi, mass grave, Tungus & Eastern Steppe 150 BCE O-MF2478 Damgaard, Marchi et al. 2018 (Nature)
Salkhityn 6 SKT006 Early Xiongnu Salkhityn Am, Khuvsgul 113 BCE R-PH155 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Omnogobi 45 DA45 Xiongnu Omnogobi, mass grave, Tungus & Eastern Steppe 96 BCE O-BY171424 Damgaard, Marchi et al. 2018 (Nature)
Delgerkhaan Uul 1 DEL001 Late Xiongnu Delgerkhaan Uul, Sukhbaatar 55 BCE Q-Y145452 Jeong et al. 2020
Khuruugiin Uzuur 5 KHG005 Xiongnu Khuruugiin Uzuur, Arkhangai 50 BCE C-Y138498 J. Lee et al. 2025
Chandman 10 CHN010 Late Xiongnu Chandman Mountain, Uvs 24 BCE C-Y11606 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Yuroo 1 YUR001 Late Xiongnu Yuroo, Selenge 21 BCE N-Y125475 Jeong et al. 2020
Uguumur 10 UGU010 Late Xiongnu Uguumur Uul, Selenge 7 BCE R-Z2124 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Khoit 6 KHO006 Late Xiongnu Tarvagatain Am, Khoit Tsenkher, Khovd 5 BCE C-F1756 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Arkhangai 1 TUH001 Late Xiongnu Burkhan Tolgoi, Tamiryn Ulaan Khoshuu 5 BCE C-M86 Jeong et al. 2020
Tevsh 3 TEV003 Late Xiongnu Tevsh Mountain, Uvurkhangai 5 BCE C-Y10428 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Burkhan 2 BUR002 Late Xiongnu Burkhan Tolgoi, Tamiryn Ulaan Khoshuu 5 BCE E-BY7758 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Salkhityn 12 SKT012 Early Xiongnu Salkhityn Am, Khuvsgul 5 BCE J-FGC61855 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tamiryn 2 TUH002 Late Xiongnu Tamiryn Ulaan Khoshuu, Arkhangai 5 BCE J-PH358 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Naimaa 1 NAI001 Late Xiongnu Naimaa Tolgoi, Arkhangai 5 BCE J-Y234666 Jeong et al. 2020
Baruun 1 BRU001 Late Xiongnu Baruun Khovdiin Am, Sukhbaatar 5 BCE J-YSC0000076 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Uguumur 6 UGU006 Late Xiongnu Uguumur Uul, Selenge 5 BCE J-YSC0000076 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Songino 1 SON001 Late Xiongnu Songino Khairkhan, Tuv 5 BCE N-CTS6380 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Burkhan Tolgoi 2 TUK002 Late Xiongnu Tamiryn Ulaan Khoshuu, Arkhangai 5 BCE O-F26105 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Salkhityn 7 SKT007 Early Xiongnu Salkhityn Am, Khuvsgul 5 BCE Q-BZ181 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Burkhan Tolgoi 1 BTO001 Late Xiongnu Burkhan Tolgoi, Bulgan 5 BCE Q-F22223 Jeong et al. 2020
Salkhityn 8 SKT008 Early Xiongnu Salkhityn Am, Khuvsgul 5 BCE Q-Y145452 Jeong et al. 2020
Naimaa 2 NAI002 Late Xiongnu Naimaa Tolgoi, Arkhangai 5 BCE R-FT307885 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Salkhityn 5 SKT005 Early Xiongnu Salkhityn Am, Khuvsgul 5 BCE R-FTB336 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Salkhityn 9 SKT009 Early Xiongnu Salkhityn Am, Khuvsgul 5 BCE R-PH1397 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Burkhan 3 BUR003 Late Xiongnu Burkhan Tolgoi, Tamiryn Ulaan Khoshuu 5 BCE R-Y52 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Takhiltiin 6 TAK006 Xiongnu Takhiltiin Khotgor, Khovd 5 CE C-ACT4806 J. Lee et al. 2023
Takhiltiin 3 TAK003 Xiongnu Takhiltiin Khotgor, Khovd 5 CE L-M22 ? J. Lee et al. 2023
Takhiltiin 8 TAK008 Xiongnu Takhiltiin Khotgor, Khovd 5 CE R-FT187346 J. Lee et al. 2023
Takhiltiin 9 TAK009 Xiongnu Takhiltiin Khotgor, Khovd 5 CE R-Z2124 ? J. Lee et al. 2023
Arkhangai 39 DA39 Xiongnu Arkhangai Grave #1, Tungus & Eastern Steppe 8 CE R-PRX4 Damgaard, Marchi et al. 2018 (Nature)
Ulaangom 6228 I6228 Xiongnu Ulaangom sum, Uvs aimag 31 CE C-Y11606 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Uguumur 5 UGU005 Late Xiongnu Uguumur Uul, Selenge 39 CE R-Z2124 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Khovd 7 KHO007 Late Xiongnu Tarvagatain Am, Khovd 52 CE N-P105 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Shombuuzyn 9 SBB009 Xiongnu Shombuuzyn-Belchir, Munkhkhairkhan 80 CE C-F6301 ? J. Lee et al. 2023
Shombuuzyn 10 SBB010 Xiongnu Shombuuzyn-Belchir, Munkhkhairkhan 80 CE C-MF175677 J. Lee et al. 2023
Shombuuzyn 1 SBB001 Xiongnu Shombuuzyn-Belchir, Munkhkhairkhan 80 CE C-Y10428 ? J. Lee et al. 2023
Bulgan 13175 I13175 Xianbei Bulgan sum, Khovd 467 CE R-BY86775 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Gurvan Dov 2-4 GD2-4 Türk Gurvan Dov, Khentii Aimag 593 CE D-F2484 J. Lee et al. 2024
Zaan-Khoshuu 2 ZAA002 Türk Zaan-Khoshuu, Bulgan 621 CE C-SK1082 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Zaan Khoshuu 5 ZHS5 Xianbei Zaan khoshuu Site, Bayanuur 623 CE C-F10085 ? J. Li et al. 2020
Khermen Tal 1 TL1 Türk Khermen Tal site, Ogiy 623 CE C-FTA69558 ? J. Li et al. 2018
Uliastai 2 ULI002 Türk Uliastai River, Khovd 671 CE J-PH358 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Uguumur 1 UGU001 Türk Uguumur Uul, Selenge 699 CE J-Y164818 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Zaan-Khoshuu 4 ZAA004 Türk Zaan-Khoshuu, Bulgan 700 CE C-SK1082 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Shoroon 1 TUM001 Türk Türkic mausoleum, Shoroon Bumbagar 700 CE N-M128 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Nomgonii 1 NOM001 Türk Nomgonii Khundii, Arkhangai 700 CE R-Y38987 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tsaidam Bag 1 TSB001 Türk Tsaidam Bag, Arkhangai 708 CE J-L25 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Olon Dov 7 OLN007 Uyghur Olon Dov, Arkhangai 792 CE C-M407 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Olon Dov 1 OLN001 Uyghur Olon Dov, Arkhangai 792 CE Q-FT9308 Jeong et al. 2020
Olon Dov 10 OLN010 Uyghur Olon Dov, Arkhangai 792 CE R-BY3295 Jeong et al. 2020
Olon Dov 5 OLN005 Uyghur Olon Dov, Arkhangai 792 CE R-FGC75146 Jeong et al. 2020
Olon Dov 11 OLN011 Uyghur Olon Dov, Arkhangai 792 CE R-FT187928 Jeong et al. 2020
Olon Dov 3 OLN003 Uyghur Olon Dov, Arkhangai 792 CE R-Y37377 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Gurvan Dov 1-3 GD1-3 Uyghur Gurvan Dov, Khentii Aimag 845 CE J-BY108898 J. Lee et al. 2024
Bulgan 13176 I13176 Mongol Bulgan sum, Khovd 936 CE R-FTB336 ? C.-C. Wang et al. 2021 (Nature)
Zaan-Khoshuu 5 ZAA005 Khitan Zaan-Khoshuu, Bulgan 1,082 CE J-BY159682 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Ulaan 1 ULA001 Khitan Ulaan Kherem II, Bulgan 1,094 CE J-PH358 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Shunkhlai 2 SHU002 Early Mongol Shunkhlai Mountain, Uvurkhangai 1,208 CE R-YP1548 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Ulaanzuukh 11 ULN011 Mongol Ulaanzuukh, Sukhbaatar 1,216 CE O-CTS1304 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Duulga Uul 2 DUU002 Mongol Duulga Uul, Khentii 1,236 CE R-M417 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tavan khailaast 4-2 TK4-2 Mongol Tavan khailaast, Khentii Aimag 1,300 CE C-FTA71646 J. Lee et al. 2024
Tavan khailaast 4-5 TK4-5 Mongol Tavan khailaast, Khentii Aimag 1,335 CE C-FTA71646 J. Lee et al. 2024
Uushigiin 2 UUS002 Mongol Uushigiin Uver, Khuvsgul 1,338 CE Q-YP6137 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tsagaan 1 TSA001 Mongol Tsagaan Chuluut, Dornod 1,350 CE C-BY186350 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Shar Tolgoi 1 SHA001 Mongol Shar Tolgoi, Umungobi, Bulgan 1,350 CE C-F10312 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Bayan 1 BAY001 Mongol Bunkhantyn Gatsaa, Bayan Khairkhan, Tuv 1,350 CE C-F3844 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Sharga Uul 1 SHG001 Mongol Sharga Uul, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE C-F3887 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tsagaan 3 TSA003 Mongol Dornod, Tsagaan Chuluut 1,350 CE C-F4002 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Karnikovyn 1 KRN001 Mongol Selenge, Karnikovyn Am 1,350 CE C-F5485 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tsagaan 2 TSA002 Mongol Tsagaan Chuluut, Dornod 1,350 CE C-F9936 Jeong et al. 2020
Khalgan Khoshuu 2 KHN001 Mongol Khalgan Khoshuu, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE C-FGC28922 Jeong et al. 2020
Lamt 1 DAS001 Mongol Lamt Mountain, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE C-SK1072 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Mori Baridag 1 MRI001 Mongol Mori Baridag, Khuvsgul 1,350 CE C-SK1072 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Argali 3 ARG003 Mongol Argali Mountain, Tuv, Töv 1,350 CE C-SK1082 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Sharga Uul 3 SHG003 Mongol Sharga Uul, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE C-ZQ369 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tsagaan 4 TSA004 Mongol Dornod, Tsagaan Chuluut 1,350 CE D-F15398 Jeong et al. 2020
Takhiltyn 2 TAH002 Mongol Takhiltyn Khotgor II, Khovd 1,350 CE D-F26233 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Zambaga 2 ZAM002 Mongol Zambaga Khairkhan, Dundgobi 1,350 CE D-F3941 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Burgaldain 4 BRG004 Mongol Selenge, Burgaldain Khundi 1,350 CE N-CTS11713 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Khavtsal 2 KHV002 Mongol Khavtsal II Tomb, Khuvsgul 1,350 CE N-F3271 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tsagaan 5 TSA005 Mongol Tsagaan Chuluut, Dornod 1,350 CE N-F3271 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Sharga Uul 2 SHG002 Mongol Sharga Uul, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE N-M2119 Jeong et al. 2020
Burgaldain 5 BRG005 Mongol Selenge, Burgaldain Khundii 1,350 CE N-Y177776 Jeong et al. 2020
Shar Khad 1 SHR001 Mongol Shar Khad, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE O-F3039 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Ugoomor 2 UGO002 Mongol Ugoomor, Dornod 1,350 CE O-F7121 Jeong et al. 2020
Zamyn 1 ZAY001 Mongol Zamyn Khashat, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE O-MF10232 Jeong et al. 2020
Khalgan Khoshuu 1 KNN001 Mongol Khalgan Khoshuu, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE O-Y27894 Jeong et al. 2020
Tavan 1 TAV001 Mongol Tavan Tolgoi, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE R-FT394797 Jeong et al. 2020
Tavan 11 TAV011 Mongol Tavan Tolgoi, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE R-FT394797 Jeong et al. 2020
Tavan 5 TAV005 Mongol Tavan Tolgoi, Sukhbaatar 1,350 CE R-Y20747 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Argali 1 ARG001 Mongol Argali Mountain, Töv 1,350 CE R-Y37906 Jeong et al. 2020
Uguumur 2 UGU002 Mongol Uguumur Uul, Selenge 1,350 CE R-YP1507 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Zambaga 1 ZAM001 Mongol Zambaga Khairkhan, Dundgobi 1,350 CE R-Z2124 ? Jeong et al. 2020
Tavan khailaast 5-2 TK5-2 Mongol Tavan khailaast, Khentii Aimag 1,388 CE C-FTA71646 J. Lee et al. 2024

Maternal lines of the ancients #

Source: YFull; no culture given.

Maternal lines of the ancients
Sample Site Date Branch
83580 Hentiy 32,475 BCE N6
87467 Bulgan 5,558 BCE D4j24
87112 Bulgan 5,551 BCE D4j8
87139 Bulgan 5,520 BCE D4j24
87064 Bulgan 5,103 BCE D4h4
87061 Bulgan 1,683 BCE HV12b1d1
83247 1,175 BCE U2e1h2b
87097 Hovd 1,115 BCE D4j
119300 Hövsgöl 1,007 BCE C4a1a-a
83271 Arhangay 679 BCE U7a3a
83254 Uvs 336 BCE A8a2
87121 Uvs 300 BCE C4a1a3
87069 Uvs 298 BCE U4b1a1a1b
83270 Uvs 275 BCE F1b1-a2a
13884 Uvs 145 BCE D4b2b2b
159047 Sühbaatar 50 BCE D5b1b2
159046 Selenge 15 BCE Z1a-a1
84236 Arhangay 25 CE J2b1a2a1
87110 Uvs 34 CE D4j12a
97916 Selenge 73 CE C4a1a4
97915 Hövsgöl 135 CE C4a1a4a
93254 Bulgan 1,096 CE Y1a
13901 Uvs — D4a6