Poles

language: Polish · pol

362

Y-DNA

samples

133

mtDNA

samples

13.7

Y diversity

how many distinct major Y branches 40 randomly drawn people of this people carry on average: 1 means everyone is in one branch, higher is more varied (diversity score: 3.31 bits)

Y-DNA · Level 1

Macro-haplogroups #

258 · 71.3%

58 · 16.0%

15 · 4.1%

11 · 3.0%

10 · 2.8%

4 · 1.1%

2 · 0.6%

Y-DNA · Level 2

Major branches (clades) #

R-YP256

45 · 12.4% 2,300 years

R-L1029

37 · 10.2% 2,400 years

R-YP237

29 · 8.0% 3,700 years

R-Y2898

22 · 6.1% 3,700 years

R-L260*

21 · 5.8% 2,800 years

R-Z92

19 · 5.2% 4,200 years

I-Y3548

16 · 4.4% 2,300 years

R-ZZ12_1*

15 · 4.1% 4,600 years

N-FGC52464

14 · 3.9% 2,800 years

R-CTS11962*

7 · 1.9% 3,100 years

R-CTS1211* R1a-CTS1211

7 · 1.9% 4,400 years

I-S20602*

6 · 1.7% 2,500 years

I-FGC15071*

6 · 1.7% 12k years

I-Z2895*

6 · 1.7% 3,900 years

R-Z159

6 · 1.7% 3,900 years

mtDNA · Level 1

Macro-haplogroups #

44 · 33.1%

32 · 24.1%

15 · 11.3%

10 · 7.5%

9 · 6.8%

8 · 6.0%

3 · 2.3%

2 · 1.5%

mtDNA · Level 2

Branches #

J1c

11 · 8.3% 13k years

U4a

10 · 7.5% 8,900 years

U5a

8 · 6.0% 21k years

U5b

8 · 6.0% 22k years

H1c

7 · 5.3% 5,300 years

H1b

4 · 3.0% 5,100 years

T2b

4 · 3.0% 8,500 years

3 · 2.3% 7,200 years

H1e

3 · 2.3% 6,300 years

H5a

3 · 2.3% 7,800 years

3 · 2.3%

T1a

3 · 2.3% 13k years

W3a

3 · 2.3% 9,900 years

C5c

2 · 1.5% 7,300 years

H10a

2 · 1.5% 4,300 years

Distinctive branches of the people · Y #

Branches this people carries 3 or more times as often as all YFull customers together. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 5 samples are included.

R1a-M458 R-M458: 118 · 32.6% (×16.0)
R1a-Z282 R-Z282: 205 · 56.6% (×8.1)
R1a-CTS1211 R-CTS1211: 65 · 18.0% (×6.8)
R1a-Z280 R-Z280: 86 · 23.8% (×6.7)
R1a-M417 R-M417: 205 · 56.6% (×6.0)
R1a-M198 R-M198: 205 · 56.6% (×6.0)
R1a R1a: 205 · 56.6% (×5.8)
I2a-CTS10228 I-CTS10228: 24 · 6.6% (×3.4)
I2a-L621 I-L621: 24 · 6.6% (×3.3)

Distinctive branches of the people · mt #

Branches this people carries 3 or more times as often as all YFull customers together. The multiplier is in brackets. Branches of at least 5 samples are included.

U4a U4a: 10 · 7.5% (×6.1)
U4 U4: 11 · 8.3% (×3.4)

Level 3

Key branches tree #

R R-M207

258 · 71.3% 28k years

└ R1a-Z282 R-Z282

195 · 53.9% 4,800 years

└ M458 R-M458

110 · 30.4% 4,300 years

└ Z280 R-Z280

84 · 23.2% 4,700 years

└ CTS1211 R-CTS1211

63 · 17.4% 4,400 years

└ R1b-L23 R-L23

62 · 17.1% 6,400 years

└ L51 R-L51

52 · 14.4% 6,100 years

└ P312 R-P312

29 · 8.0% 4,900 years

└ DF27 R-DF27

19 · 5.2% 4,700 years

└ DF13 R-DF13

5 · 1.4% 4,600 years

└ U106 R-U106

21 · 5.8% 5,000 years

└ L48 R-L48

13 · 3.6% 4,500 years

└ Z2103 (M12149) R-M12149

10 · 2.8% 5,700 years

└ CTS7556 R-CTS7556

5 · 1.4% 5,100 years

└ Y4364 R-Y4364

5 · 1.4% 4,600 years

I I-L758

58 · 16.0% 35k years

└ I1-DF29 I-DF29

25 · 6.9% 4,500 years

└ Z58 I-Z58

13 · 3.6% 4,500 years

└ I2a-CTS10228 I-CTS10228

22 · 6.1% 3,300 years

└ I2b I-M223

8 · 2.2% 17k years

N-CTS2929 N-CTS2929

14 · 3.9% 4,000 years

E1b1b-M35 E-M35

10 · 2.8% 25k years

└ E-V13 E-V13

7 · 1.9% 5,200 years

J2a-M67 J-M67

7 · 1.9% 13k years

Branches of this people #

Branches of the YFull tree that belong almost entirely to this people: at least 80% of samples with a reported language. Per row: the people's samples / all with a language, the share, and the age of the branch's common ancestor.

R-L617: 14 / 16 · 88% 3,900 years

Similar peoples #

Peoples whose mix of major paternal branches is nearly the same. The number is similarity: 100% is the same mix. Only peoples with similarity of 80% or more are shown; both peoples need 150+ comparable YFull Y samples.

Russians — 81% similar

Where the samples come from #

Which countries and regions this people's samples come from; paternal and maternal lines counted separately.

Y-DNA

Mazowieckie PL-14 48
Podkarpackie PL-18 39
Podlaskie PL-20 33
Hrodzenskaja voblasc' BY-HR 28
Lubelskie PL-06 27
Kujawsko-pomorskie PL-04 18
Wielkopolskie PL-30 17
Volyns'ka Oblast' UA-07 17
Łódzkie PL-10 16
Małopolskie PL-12 16
Śląskie PL-24 11
Świętokrzyskie PL-26 11

mtDNA

Podkarpackie PL-18 25
Mazowieckie PL-14 20
Lubelskie PL-06 11
Małopolskie PL-12 11
Wielkopolskie PL-30 10
Łódzkie PL-10 9
Świętokrzyskie PL-26 7
Podlaskie PL-20 6
Kujawsko-pomorskie PL-04 5
Warmińsko-mazurskie PL-28 3
Volyns'ka Oblast' UA-07 3
L'vivs'ka Oblast' UA-46 3

YFull

Paternal and maternal lines together #

Members of this people with both lines known on YFull. For each “Y branch × mt branch” combination, how many times it occurred and how many would be expected if the two lines had nothing to do with each other. n=192

Notably above chance

Y × mt: line combinations · Notably above chance
Y	mt	pairs	expected by chance	×	chance?
R1a-M458	U5b	7	2.9	2.45	not chance p = 0.005

Most frequent combinations

Y × mt: line combinations · Most frequent combinations
Y	mt	pairs	expected by chance	×	chance?
R1a-M458	J1c	7	5.4	1.30	could be chance p = 0.269
R1a-M458	U5a	7	3.5	2.00	could be chance p = 0.026
R1a-M458	U5b	7	2.9	2.45	not chance p = 0.005
R1a-CTS1211	H1c	6	3.0	2.02	could be chance p = 0.051
R1a-CTS1211	H10e	4	1.0	4.04	not chance p = 0.006
I2a-CTS10228	J1c	3	1.5	1.99	could be chance p = 0.179
I2a-CTS10228	U5a	3	1.0	3.08	could be chance p = 0.061
R1a-CTS1211	U4a	3	1.4	2.17	could be chance p = 0.141