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Italy (Sicily): ancient DNA

121
Y-DNA
samples
53
mtDNA
samples

People whose remains archaeologists found and whose DNA labs have read. The date is the middle of the dating interval, radiocarbon or by archaeological context. Branches link to branch pages where one exists. All archaeological cultures

Y-DNA

By period #

13,000–12,000 BCE
1 · 0.8%
7,000–6,000 BCE
2 · 1.7%
6,000–5,000 BCE
1 · 0.8%
5,000–4,000 BCE
2 · 1.7%
3,000–2,000 BCE
5 · 4.1%
2,000–1,000 BCE
6 · 5.0%
1,000–0 BCE
68 · 56.2%
0–1,000 CE
10 · 8.3%
1,000–2,000 CE
26 · 21.5%
Y-DNA

Branches #

G-CTS5990
10 · 8.3%
R-P312
7 · 5.8%
L-M20
6 · 5.0%
C-V3163
3 · 2.5%
G-Z3292
3 · 2.5%
E-V13
3 · 2.5%
R-CTS7822
3 · 2.5%
E-BY4877
3 · 2.5%
I-P214
2 · 1.7%
G-Z3440
2 · 1.7%
T-Y21204
2 · 1.7%
R-L2
2 · 1.7%
Y-DNA

Cultures #

All archaeological cultures

mtDNA

By period #

5,000–4,000 BCE
2 · 3.8%
3,000–2,000 BCE
2 · 3.8%
2,000–1,000 BCE
16 · 30.2%
1,000–0 BCE
33 · 62.3%
mtDNA

Branches #

H1
5 · 9.4%
V
4 · 7.5%
T2b3
4 · 7.5%
H1e
3 · 5.7%
T2c1d
3 · 5.7%
T2b
2 · 3.8%
U5a1a1
2 · 3.8%
K2b1
2 · 3.8%
U5b1d1
2 · 3.8%
H4a1
2 · 3.8%
T2h
2 · 3.8%
T2e
2 · 3.8%

Paternal lines of the ancients #

Source: FamilyTreeDNA Discover.

Paternal lines of the ancients
Sample Culture Site Date Branch Study
San Teodoro 3 ST3 Epigravettian San Teodoro cave, Messina 13,000 BCE I-P214 Scorrano et al. 2022 (Commun Biol.)
Uzzo 81 UZZ081 Sicilian Hunter-Gatherer Grotta dell’Uzzo, Trapani 6,400 BCE I-P214 ? He Yu et al. 2022
Uzzo 40 UZZ040 Sicilian Hunter-Gatherer Grotta dell’Uzzo, Trapani 6,330 BCE I-CTS10057 ? He Yu et al. 2022
Uzzo 33 UZZ033 Neolithic Italian Grotta dell’Uzzo, Trapani 5,295 BCE H-Z19008 ? He Yu et al. 2022; Rohrlach et al. 2021
Uzzo 61 UZZ061 Neolithic Italian Grotta dell’Uzzo, Trapani 4,795 BCE C-BY36603 ? He Yu et al. 2022
Partanna 4064 I4064 Stentinello Stretto Partanna, Castelvetrano, Trapani 4,775 BCE C-FT252011 Akbari et al. 2026; Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Abisso 8561 I8561 Bronze Age Italian Cave Abisso del Vento, Isnello 2,272 BCE R-P312 ? Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Buffa Cave 32 I11443 Bronze Age Italian Buffa Cave II, Villafrati 2,190 BCE R-P312 ? Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Buffa 3123 I3123 Bronze Age Italian Buffa, Palermo 2,171 BCE R-Z198 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Buffa Cave 11442 I11442 Bronze Age Italian Buffa Cave II, Villafrati 2,164 BCE R-P312 ? Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Uzzo 57 UZZ057 Bronze Age Italian Grotta dell’Uzzo, Trapani 2,100 BCE R-P312 ? He Yu et al. 2022
Buffa Cave 36 I3124 Bronze Age Italian Buffa Cave II, Villafrati 1,862 BCE R-P312 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Paolina 7796 I7796 Bronze Age Italian Castelluccian tomb, Paolina 1,785 BCE J-PF5174 ? Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Mozia 22238 I22238 Bronze Age Mediterranean Motya (Mozia), Marsala, Trapani 1,755 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Buffa 3125 I3125 Bronze Age Italian Buffa Cave II, Villafrati 1,540 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Mozia 22241 I22241 Bronze Age Mediterranean Motya (Mozia), Marsala, Trapani 1,535 BCE R-BY11990 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Marcita 4 I10373 Bronze Age Italian Marcita necropolis, Castelvetrano, Trapani 1,300 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Marcita 3876 I3876 Bronze Age Italian Marcita necropolis, Castelvetrano, Trapani 987 BCE G-FT301688 ? Fernandes et al. 2020 (Nat. Ecol. Evol)
Polizzello 13385 I13385 Sicani Rock-cut tomb, Polizzello 800 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Polizzello 13386 I13386 Sicani Rock-cut tomb, Polizzello 800 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Polizzello 13389 I13389 Sicani Rock-cut tomb, Polizzello 800 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Polizzello 13391 I13391 Sicani Rock-cut tomb, Polizzello 800 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Polizzello 13378 I13378 Sicani Rock-cut tomb, Polizzello 800 BCE G-CTS7045 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Polizzello 13382 I13382 Sicani Rock-cut tomb, Polizzello 800 BCE G-S10654 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Polizzello 13383 I13383 Sicani Rock-cut tomb, Polizzello 800 BCE G-Z3292 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Polizzello 26 Pol-26 Iron Age Italian Polizzello, Caltanissetta 750 BCE G-S10654 ? Diroma et al. 2021
Polizzello 30 Pol-30 Iron Age Italian Polizzello, Caltanissetta 750 BCE R-L151 ? Diroma et al. 2021
Marsala 22095 I22095 Phoenician Marsala, Trapani 656 BCE J-FT94007 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Himera 7224 I7224 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 655 BCE T-FT39851 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10943 I10943 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 640 BCE R-CTS3402 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 7219 I7219 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 628 BCE G-FTB51708 Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 7223 I7223 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 628 BCE J-FT403095 Akbari et al. 2026; Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 7225 I7225 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 628 BCE R-L2 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10950 I10950 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE E-CTS6377 Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10946 I10946 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE E-CTS8814 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 17872 I17872 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE E-V13 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10945 I10945 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE J-FT144621 Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10952 I10952 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE J-Z7700 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 7217 I7217 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE L-FT1862 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10948 I10948 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE R-BY15590 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10951 I10951 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE R-Z2124 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 7218 I7218 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 590 BCE T-BY73171 Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10949 I10949 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 584 BCE I-L1287 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 10944 I10944 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 584 BCE N-Y147658 Reitsema et al. 2022
Birgi 24556 I24556 Phoenician Birgi, Marsala, Trapani 577 BCE E-FT397837 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Himera 10947 I10947 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 576 BCE R-Y424643 Reitsema et al. 2022
Selinunte 21853 I21853 Phoenician Selinunte-Case Manuzza, Marinella di Selinunte, Trapani 571 BCE J-Z35779 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Himera 7221 I7221 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 570 BCE G-FTA80859 Akbari et al. 2026; Reitsema et al. 2022
Mozia 4798 I4798 Phoenician Motya (Mozia), Marsala, Trapani 563 BCE J-Z615 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Marsala 21971 I21971 Iron Age Mediterranean Marsala, Trapani 550 BCE E-L19 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Marsala 21968 I21968 Iron Age Mediterranean Marsala, Trapani 550 BCE E-M123 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Selinunte 19190 I19190 Iron Age Mediterranean Selinunte-Case Manuzza, Marinella di Selinunte, Trapani 550 BCE E-Z1200 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Himera 17432 I17432 Greek-Sicilian East necropolis, Himera 550 BCE G-FGC28548 Akbari et al. 2026; Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 20168 I20168 Greek-Sicilian Pit grave, Himera 550 BCE G-L13 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 20166 I20166 Greek-Sicilian Pit grave, Himera 550 BCE L-L595 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 20160 I20160 Greek-Sicilian Pit grave, Himera 550 BCE L-M20 Reitsema et al. 2022
Marsala 24672 I24672 Phoenician Marsala, Trapani 550 BCE R-BY205549 Ringbauer et al. 2025
Marsala 24674 I24674 Phoenician Marsala, Trapani 550 BCE R-Z205 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Baucina 13125 I13125 Sicani Monte Falcone, Baucina 500 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Baucina 13128 I13128 Sicani Monte Falcone, Baucina 500 BCE R-P312 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Mozia 22232 I22232 Phoenician Motya (Mozia), Marsala, Trapani 452 BCE J-Y36180 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
The Himera Dwarf HIM001 Classical Greek Western Necropolis, Himera 450 BCE G-FTA8806 PRJEB53912
Himera 17866 I17866 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 409 BCE J-Z35779 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Reitsema et al. 2022
Himera 17884 I17884 Ancient Greece militia Mass grave, Himera 409 BCE L-L595 ? Reitsema et al. 2022
Mozia 7648 I7648 Phoenician Motya (Mozia), Marsala, Trapani 400 BCE I-S9302 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 7261 I7261 Phoenician Lilybaeum via Gramsci, Marsala, Trapani 350 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 7453 I7453 Phoenician Lilybaeum via De Gasperi, Marsala, Trapani 350 BCE T-L454 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Selinunte 21195 I21195 Phoenician Selinunte-Case Manuzza, Marinella di Selinunte, Trapani 319 BCE E-BY8819 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 12848 I12848 Phoenician Lilybaeum-Tribunale, Marsala, Trapani 314 BCE E-CTS5856 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Selinunte 21194 I21194 Phoenician Selinunte-Case Manuzza, Marinella di Selinunte, Trapani 298 BCE C-BY44479 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Birgi 24555 I24555 Phoenician Birgi, Marsala, Trapani 296 BCE R-FT373027 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Selinunte 21855 I21855 Phoenician Selinunte-Case Manuzza, Marinella di Selinunte, Trapani 295 BCE R-CTS11874 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Selinunte 19194 I19194 Phoenician Selinunte-Case Manuzza, Marinella di Selinunte, Trapani 294 BCE I-BY142252 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Selinunte 21197 I21197 Iron Age Mediterranean Selinunte-Case Manuzza, Marinella di Selinunte, Trapani 277 BCE L-BY106184 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 21857 I21857 Phoenician Lilybaeum-Tribunale, Marsala, Trapani 267 BCE G-CTS5990 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 21856 I21856 Phoenician Lilybaeum-Tribunale, Marsala, Trapani 209 BCE J-Z1828 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 21859 I21859 Phoenician Lilybaeum-Necropoli Monumentale, Marsala, Trapani 196 BCE R-CTS9050 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 12846 I12846 Phoenician Lilybaeum-Tribunale, Marsala, Trapani 195 BCE R-Y16335 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Mozia 12844 I12844 Phoenician Motya (Mozia), Marsala, Trapani 194 BCE R-Z2123 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Birgi 12665 I12665 Phoenician Birgi, Marsala, Trapani 193 BCE J-BY41155 Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 24671 I24671 Roman Age Sicilian Lilybaeum, Marsala, Trapani 124 BCE J-Z631 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 24679 I24679 Roman Age Sicilian Lilybaeum-Necropoli Monumentale, Marsala, Trapani 124 BCE R-PF6162 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 21858 I21858 Roman Age Sicilian Lilybaeum-Necropoli Monumentale, Marsala, Trapani 121 BCE R-Z209 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Birgi 24554 I24554 Roman Age Sicilian Birgi, Marsala, Trapani 65 BCE E-FT54477 Ringbauer et al. 2025
Casema Tukory 21850 I21850 Roman Age Sicilian Caserma Tukory, Palermo 64 BCE G-FT301688 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Lilybaeum 7265 I7265 Roman Age Sicilian Lilybaeum via De Gasperi, Marsala, Trapani 200 CE J-ZS6592 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025
Agrigento 20 QERBN20 Byzantine Agrigento 522 CE L-PF5760 Monnereau et al. 2026
Agrigento 10 QERBN10 Byzantine Agrigento 527 CE J-CTS4304 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
Agrigento 31 QERBN31 Byzantine Agrigento 677 CE R-FT288179 Monnereau et al. 2026
La Gancia 5 GABN5 Islamic Sicilian La Gancia 722 CE E-Z5013 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
Castello San Pietro 1 CSPBN1 Islamic Sicilian Castello San Pietro 810 CE R-Y18892 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
Segesta 5 SGBN5 Islamic Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 872 CE J-FTC10550 Monnereau et al. 2024
Castello San Pietro 2 CSPBN2 Islamic Sicilian Castello San Pietro 897 CE E-FGC86605 Monnereau et al. 2026
La Gancia 2 GABN2 Islamic Sicilian La Gancia 897 CE E-V13 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
La Gancia 9 GABN9 Islamic Sicilian La Gancia 902 CE J-FGC35471 Monnereau et al. 2026
Monte Maranfusa 1 MABN1 Islamic Sicilian Monte Maranfusa 1,027 CE E-FT21378 Monnereau et al. 2026
Sant'Agata La Vetere 5 SAVBN5 Christian Sicilian Sant'Agata La Vetere 1,070 CE J-Z597 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
La Gancia 1 GABN1 Medieval Sicilian La Gancia 1,075 CE E-FT97858 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
Via Guardione Palermo 6 VGBN6 Christian Sicilian Via Guardione Palermo 1,095 CE J-P58 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
La Villa del Tellaro 3 TLBN3 Islamic Sicilian La Villa del Tellaro 1,127 CE R-M417 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
Segesta 2 SGBN2 Islamic Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,130 CE E-Y265386 Monnereau et al. 2024
Sant'Agata La Vetere 11 SAVBN11 Christian Sicilian Sant'Agata La Vetere 1,130 CE J-FGC15920 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
Segesta 22 SGBN22 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,130 CE R-S10381 Monnereau et al. 2024
Segesta 23 SGBN23 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,130 CE R-Z159 ? Monnereau et al. 2024
La Villa del Tellaro 14 TLBN14 Islamic Sicilian La Villa del Tellaro 1,132 CE J-BY64927 Monnereau et al. 2026
Sant'Agata La Vetere 10 SAVBN10 Christian Sicilian Sant'Agata La Vetere 1,132 CE T-BY96904 Monnereau et al. 2026
Segesta 7 SGBN7 Islamic Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,140 CE T-PH5260 Monnereau et al. 2024
La Villa del Tellaro 8 TLBN8 Islamic Sicilian La Villa del Tellaro 1,145 CE E-Z1231 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
La Villa del Tellaro 7 TLBN7 Islamic Sicilian La Villa del Tellaro 1,147 CE R-M417 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
La Villa del Tellaro 12 TLBN12 Islamic Sicilian La Villa del Tellaro 1,162 CE I-M223 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
Segesta 24 SGBN24 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,208 CE R-P312 ? Monnereau et al. 2024
Segesta 12 SGBN12 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,218 CE T-FTC23266 Monnereau et al. 2024
Segesta 19 SGBN19 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,220 CE E-FT8319 Monnereau et al. 2024
Segesta 18 SGBN18 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,222 CE E-FT8319 ? Monnereau et al. 2024
Segesta 25 SGBN25 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,225 CE J-L70 ? Monnereau et al. 2024
Segesta 20 SGBN20 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,248 CE E-FT8319 Monnereau et al. 2024
Segesta 10 SGBN10 Christian Sicilian Segesta, Trapani 1,250 CE E-V13 ? Monnereau et al. 2024
Corso dei Mille 4 CDMBN4 Medieval Sicilian Corso dei Mille 1,327 CE J-FTC88036 Monnereau et al. 2026
San Vitale 1 SVBN1 Islamic Sicilian San Vitale 1,370 CE E-L19 ? Monnereau et al. 2026
La Gancia 6 GABN6 Sicilian La Gancia 1,627 CE E-Y265386 Monnereau et al. 2026
Lilybaeum 24680 I24680 Roman Age Sicilian Lilybaeum-Necropoli Monumentale, Marsala, Trapani 1,679 CE R-BY180206 ? Ringbauer et al. 2025

Maternal lines of the ancients #

Source: YFull; no culture given.

Maternal lines of the ancients
Sample Site Date Branch
87145 Trapani 4,891 BCE K1b1d
87035 Trapani 4,884 BCE H1e
86638 Palermo 2,164 BCE U8b1b1
87048 Palermo 2,152 BCE T2b59
117219 Trapani 1,885 BCE H1j8
144677 Palermo 1,875 BCE U5a1a1-a
117215 Trapani 1,750 BCE I1
117214 Trapani 1,700 BCE K2b1
117211 Trapani 1,638 BCE U5b1d1a1
117220 Trapani 1,590 BCE H4a1p
87018 Palermo 1,564 BCE K2b1c1
87088 Palermo 1,557 BCE K1a3a7b
117213 Trapani 1,530 BCE H4a1p
117216 Trapani 1,523 BCE L3b1a5c
117212 Trapani 1,478 BCE T2h3
117210 Ragusa 1,350 BCE K1a1
117209 Ragusa 1,350 BCE X2b-a25
117224 Trapani 1,150 BCE H5a
117223 Trapani 1,150 BCE H1eq1
117222 Trapani 1,150 BCE K1a3
117218 Trapani 675 BCE HV0-a23
117251 Palermo 500 BCE V6b1d
117250 Palermo 500 BCE T2b3-a
117249 Palermo 500 BCE H1eq1
117248 Palermo 500 BCE H1-b1b
117247 Palermo 500 BCE H1e2n1
117246 Palermo 500 BCE T2c1d13
117245 Palermo 500 BCE J1c
117244 Palermo 500 BCE T2b3-a13
117243 Palermo 500 BCE H1e8c
117242 Palermo 500 BCE T2e7a2
117241 Palermo 500 BCE I4a
117240 Palermo 500 BCE T2c1d13
117239 Palermo 500 BCE H1eq1
117238 Palermo 500 BCE T2e7a2
117237 Palermo 500 BCE T2c1d13
117236 Palermo 500 BCE U5a1a1am
117235 Palermo 500 BCE U5b1d1a1
117234 Palermo 500 BCE H1e8c
117233 Palermo 500 BCE T2b3-a13
117232 Palermo 500 BCE H
117231 Palermo 500 BCE T2b3-a13
117230 Palermo 500 BCE H1-b1b
117229 Palermo 500 BCE T2b32a
117228 Palermo 500 BCE U3a1
117227 Palermo 500 BCE HV-b
117226 Palermo 500 BCE V6b1d
117221 Trapani 453 BCE V6b1e
148416 Trapani 368 BCE U3c1a1b
148450 Trapani 350 BCE U3a2a
117225 Trapani 250 BCE V25a1
163967 Trapani 127 BCE T2h5b1a
154833 Trapani 105 BCE I1b13