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Estonia: ancient DNA

68
Y-DNA
samples
47
mtDNA
samples

People whose remains archaeologists found and whose DNA labs have read. The date is the middle of the dating interval, radiocarbon or by archaeological context. Branches link to branch pages where one exists. All archaeological cultures

Y-DNA

By period #

3,000–2,000 BCE
6 · 8.8%
2,000–1,000 BCE
5 · 7.4%
1,000–0 BCE
17 · 25.0%
0–1,000 CE
34 · 50.0%
1,000–2,000 CE
6 · 8.8%
Y-DNA

Branches #

R-PF6162
6 · 8.8%
R-Z282
5 · 7.4%
R-M198
4 · 5.9%
N-L550
4 · 5.9%
I-M6155
4 · 5.9%
R-M420
3 · 4.4%
R-FT92022
3 · 4.4%
R-CTS1211
3 · 4.4%
N-Y4339
3 · 4.4%
N-Y4706
2 · 2.9%
I-FGC21980
2 · 2.9%
I-Z73
2 · 2.9%
Y-DNA

Cultures #

All archaeological cultures

mtDNA

By period #

6,000–5,000 BCE
2 · 4.3%
5,000–4,000 BCE
6 · 12.8%
4,000–3,000 BCE
3 · 6.4%
3,000–2,000 BCE
5 · 10.6%
1,000–0 BCE
2 · 4.3%
0–1,000 CE
24 · 51.1%
mtDNA

Branches #

U5b1
3 · 6.4%
U4a1
3 · 6.4%
U5a1d2b
2 · 4.3%
J1c3
2 · 4.3%
U5b1b
2 · 4.3%
H1b2
2 · 4.3%
T2a1a
2 · 4.3%
H1a
2 · 4.3%
H16
2 · 4.3%
H6a1a
2 · 4.3%
H1b
2 · 4.3%
H10e
2 · 4.3%

Paternal lines of the ancients #

Source: FamilyTreeDNA Discover.

Paternal lines of the ancients
Sample Culture Site Date Branch Study
Kudruküla 3 MA975 Corded Ware Kudruküla, Ida-Viru 2,850 BCE R-M420 ? Saag et al. 2017
Ardu 976 MA976 Corded Ware Ardu, Harju County 2,702 BCE R-PF6162 ? Saag et al. 2017
Ardu 2 MA969 Corded Ware Ardu, Harju County 2,702 BCE R-Z283 ? Saag et al. 2017
Kunila 2 MA973 Corded Ware Kunila, Kursi, Jõgeva 2,460 BCE R-Y2395 Mittnik et al. 2018; Saag et al. 2017
Ardu 968 MA968 Corded Ware Ardu, Harju County 2,400 BCE R-M198 ? Saag et al. 2017
Kunila 1 MA971 Corded Ware Kunila, Kursi, Jõgeva 2,400 BCE R-PF6162 ? Saag et al. 2017
Muuksi 14 V14 Bronze Age Baltic Muuksi, Harju 1,145 BCE R-PF6162 ? Saag et al. 2019
Muuksi 10 X10 Bronze Age Baltic Muuksi, Harju 1,125 BCE R-PF6162 ? Saag et al. 2019
Joelähtme 9 V9 Bronze Age Baltic Joelähtme, Harju 1,122 BCE R-YP4932 Saag et al. 2019
Muuksi 5 X05 Bronze Age Baltic Muuksi, Harju 1,116 BCE R-PF6162 ? Saag et al. 2019
Vehendi 15 X15 Bronze Age Baltic Vehendi, Tartu 1,087 BCE R-CTS1211 ? Saag et al. 2019
Iru 2 X02 Bronze Age Baltic Iru, Harju 987 BCE R-M198 ? Saag et al. 2019
Väo X16 X16 Bronze Age Baltic Väo, Harju 986 BCE R-M420 ? Saag et al. 2019
Joelähtme S11 0LS11 Bronze Age Baltic Joelähtme, Harju 968 BCE R-Z283 ? Saag et al. 2019
Napa 11 X11 Bronze Age Baltic Napa, Ida-Viru 956 BCE R-M417 ? Saag et al. 2019
Muuksi 8 X08 Bronze Age Baltic Muuksi, Harju 869 BCE R-CTS1211 ? Saag et al. 2019
Väo X17 X17 Bronze Age Baltic Väo, Harju 869 BCE R-CTS1211 ? Saag et al. 2019
Väo X20 X20 Bronze Age Baltic Väo, Harju 837 BCE R-M198 ? Saag et al. 2019
Napa 12 X12 Bronze Age Baltic Napa, Ida-Viru 817 BCE R-M420 ? Saag et al. 2019
Muuksi 9 X09 Bronze Age Baltic Muuksi, Harju 790 BCE R-M198 ? Saag et al. 2019
Kunda S10 0LS10 Iron Age Baltic Kunda, Lääne-Viru 659 BCE N-CTS3103 ? Saag et al. 2019
Rebala X13 X13 Bronze Age Baltic Rebala, Harju 630 BCE R-Z283 ? Saag et al. 2019
Kunda 10 V10 Iron Age Baltic Kunda, Lääne-Viru 623 BCE R-Z283 ? Saag et al. 2019
Rebala X14 X14 Bronze Age Baltic Rebala, Harju 605 BCE R-YP4932 Saag et al. 2019
Vao 16 V16 Bronze Age Baltic Väo, Harju 563 BCE R-Z283 ? Saag et al. 2019
Võhma V114 VII4 Iron Age Baltic Võhma, Lääne-Viru 543 BCE N-Y4706 ? Saag et al. 2019
Loona X04 X04 Iron Age Baltic Loona, Saare 395 BCE R-PF6162 ? Saag et al. 2019
Kurevere 12 V12 Iron Age Baltic Kurevere, Saare 154 BCE N-S23232 ? Saag et al. 2019
Salme 2-O VK485 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 706 CE I-BY266 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 1-3 VK506 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 713 CE I-FT382000 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-N VK490 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 723 CE I-FGC8677 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-W VK496 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-BY198216 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 1-7 VK510 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-BY60851 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-Ö VK497 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-BY86407 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-M VK553 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-FGC22035 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-X VK511 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-FT357945 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-C VK495 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-FT373923 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-H VK488 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-FTG39703 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-J VK549 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-P109 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-P VK482 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-SK1234 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-Õ VK491 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-Y141089 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 1-6 VK509 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-Y36105 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-K VK552 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-Z2900 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-B VK492 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-Z73 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-I VK555 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE I-Z73 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-F VK481 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE N-BY149019 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 1-1 VK504 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE N-S23232 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 1-5 VK508 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE N-Y10933 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-Ä VK489 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE N-Y21546 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-Ü VK512 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE N-Y21546 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 1-2 VK505 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE N-Y30126 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-D VK550 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE N-Y4706 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-Q VK484 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE R-FT104609 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-G VK486 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE R-FT104609 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-E VK480 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE R-FTJ27411 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-U VK551 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE R-FTK4003 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-Š VK493 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE R-S6353 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-Z VK498 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE R-S6752 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-A VK487 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 750 CE R-YP4932 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-V VK483 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 759 CE I-Y141089 ? Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 1-4 VK507 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 829 CE I-FTC76820 Margaryan et al. 2020
Salme 2-L VK554 Viking Age Estonian Salme, Saaremaa 830 CE I-FTB75430 Margaryan et al. 2020
Kukruse S03 0LS03 Iron Age Baltic Kukruse, Ida-Viru 1,210 CE R-Z92 ? Saag et al. 2019
Pada IIG IIg Medieval Baltic Pada, Lääne-Viru 1,225 CE N-L839 ? Saag et al. 2019
Karja IIa IIa Medieval Baltic Karja, Saare 1,265 CE N-S23232 ? Saag et al. 2019
Otepää IIF IIf Medieval Baltic Otepää, Valga 1,375 CE N-CTS2929 ? Saag et al. 2019
Tartu 3 TPM003 Medieval Baltic Tartu 1,380 CE R-Y294039 Kivisild et al. 2021
Mäletjärve 9 IVLS09KT Medieval Baltic Mäletjärve, Tartu 1,585 CE J-Z622 ? Saag et al. 2019

Maternal lines of the ancients #

Source: YFull; no culture given.

Maternal lines of the ancients
Sample Site Date Branch
27943 Saaremaa 5,265 BCE U5b1a
33605 Saaremaa 5,185 BCE U4a
31078 Tartumaa 4,810 BCE U5b1k1
37126 Viljandimaa 4,635 BCE U4a1-a9
33707 Tartumaa 4,415 BCE U5b1k1
28023 Viljandimaa 4,295 BCE U5a2d3
31949 Võrumaa 4,195 BCE U5a1d1
30744 Saaremaa 4,020 BCE U4a1-a9
30173 Saaremaa 3,705 BCE U2e2a2a1
34265 Võrumaa 3,610 BCE U5a1d2b1a
37271 Võrumaa 3,495 BCE U5a1d2b1a
100470 Harjumaa 2,738 BCE U5b2c3
100472 Jõgevamaa 2,508 BCE J1c3
27547 Ida-Virumaa 2,462 BCE H5a1
30724 Jõgevamaa 2,460 BCE J1c3
100483 Harjumaa 2,450 BCE U5b1b4
140184 Harjumaa 605 BCE H1b2
140185 Harjumaa 560 BCE H1b2
82231 Saaremaa 750 CE T2a1a16
82436 Saaremaa 750 CE H1a
82233 Saaremaa 750 CE H16f
82235 Saaremaa 750 CE H6a1a34
82236 Saaremaa 750 CE U4a2a
82237 Saaremaa 750 CE T2e1
82238 Saaremaa 750 CE H6a1a
82444 Saaremaa 750 CE H1b5b
82222 Saaremaa 750 CE H2a2a1
82307 Saaremaa 750 CE H1b13
82240 Saaremaa 750 CE H1a
82241 Saaremaa 750 CE H16f
82242 Saaremaa 750 CE H1q5
82278 Saaremaa 750 CE J1b1a1b6
82345 Saaremaa 750 CE J1c2ao
82244 Saaremaa 750 CE J1c5k
82245 Saaremaa 750 CE H1n-a
82246 Saaremaa 750 CE H10e
82248 Saaremaa 750 CE T2a1
82249 Saaremaa 750 CE H2a2b1
82276 Saaremaa 750 CE T2b5
82369 Saaremaa 750 CE H10e
82354 Saaremaa 750 CE K1c1h4
82441 Saaremaa 750 CE U3b1b1c
37127 Viljandimaa — U4a1-a9
29341 Võrumaa — U4a1a1i2a
28425 Harjumaa — T2a1a
27924 Jõgevamaa — U5b1b4
94766 Tartumaa — T2b81a