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Bulgaria: ancient DNA

99
Y-DNA
samples
5
mtDNA
samples

People whose remains archaeologists found and whose DNA labs have read. The date is the middle of the dating interval, radiocarbon or by archaeological context. Branches link to branch pages where one exists. All archaeological cultures

Y-DNA

By period #

44,000–43,000 BCE
1 · 1.0%
43,000–42,000 BCE
1 · 1.0%
42,000–41,000 BCE
1 · 1.0%
6,000–5,000 BCE
11 · 11.1%
5,000–4,000 BCE
28 · 28.3%
4,000–3,000 BCE
5 · 5.1%
3,000–2,000 BCE
18 · 18.2%
2,000–1,000 BCE
1 · 1.0%
1,000–0 BCE
8 · 8.1%
0–1,000 CE
25 · 25.3%
Y-DNA

Branches #

C-V3163
5 · 5.1%
R-FGC21056
4 · 4.0%
E-V13
4 · 4.0%
R-M12149
4 · 4.0%
T-L454
3 · 3.0%
G-PF3359
3 · 3.0%
I-PF6902
3 · 3.0%
G-L30
2 · 2.0%
G-Z6128
2 · 2.0%
G-Z3440
2 · 2.0%
T-Y6055
2 · 2.0%
J-SK1363
2 · 2.0%
Y-DNA

Cultures #

All archaeological cultures

mtDNA

By period #

6,000–5,000 BCE
1 · 20.0%
5,000–4,000 BCE
1 · 20.0%
4,000–3,000 BCE
1 · 20.0%
3,000–2,000 BCE
1 · 20.0%
1,000–0 BCE
1 · 20.0%
mtDNA

Branches #

H
2 · 40.0%
K1a2
1 · 20.0%
H4a1
1 · 20.0%
H1e1b1
1 · 20.0%

Paternal lines of the ancients #

Source: FamilyTreeDNA Discover.

Paternal lines of the ancients
Sample Culture Site Date Branch Study
Bacho Kiro 335 CC7-335 Initial Upper Paleolithic Bacho Kiro Cave, Stoychovtsi 43,225 BCE C-FT409300 Hajdinjak et al. 2021; Hublin et al. 2020
Bacho Kiro 240 BB7-240 Initial Upper Paleolithic Bacho Kiro Cave, Stoychovtsi 42,795 BCE C-F3393 Hajdinjak et al. 2021; Hublin et al. 2020
Bacho Kiro 620 F6-620 Initial Upper Paleolithic Bacho Kiro Cave, Stoychovtsi 41,305 BCE F-F15527 Hajdinjak et al. 2021; Hublin et al. 2020
Malak Preslavets 5 I0700 Neolithic Balkan Malak Preslavets, Silistra, Southern Dobrudja 5,962 BCE T-BY91852 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Yabalkovo 2 I0698 Karanovo Yabalkovo, Dimitrovgrad, Haskovo 5,950 BCE G-PF3238 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Lazaridis et al. 2022; Mathieson et al. 2018
Dzhulyunitsa 10 I0706 Neolithic Balkan Dzhulyunitsa, Lyaskovets, Veliko Tarnovo 5,949 BCE C-BY22665 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Malak Preslavets 1 I1108 Neolithic Balkan Malak Preslavets, Silistra, Southern Dobrudja 5,933 BCE T-L454 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Malak Preslavets 6 I3879 Neolithic Balkan Malak Preslavets, Silistra, Southern Dobrudja 5,873 BCE G-L30 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Malak Preslavets 13 I1295 Neolithic Balkan Malak Preslavets, Silistra, Southern Dobrudja 5,793 BCE G-L156 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Dzhulyunitsa 11135 I11135 Neolithic Balkan Dzhulyunitsa, Lyaskovets, Veliko Tarnovo 5,775 BCE G-FGC2315 Lazaridis et al. 2022
Dzhulyunitsa 11270 I11270 Neolithic Balkan Dzhulyunitsa, Lyaskovets, Veliko Tarnovo 5,775 BCE G-Y140837 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Malak Preslavets 11 I1296 Neolithic Balkan Malak Preslavets, Silistra, Southern Dobrudja 5,684 BCE C-BY1463 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022; Mathieson et al. 2018
Yabalkovo 4 I2529 Neolithic Balkan Yabalkovo, Haskovo 5,647 BCE I-FTE268 Lazaridis et al. 2022; Lazaridis et al. 2025; Mathieson et al. 2018
Dzhulyunitsa 7 I2521 Neolithic Balkan Dzhulyunitsa, Lyaskovets, Veliko Tarnovo 5,553 BCE G-Y244282 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Ivanovo 2431 I2431 Chalcolithic Balkan Ivanovo, Ruse 4,674 BCE G-S10654 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Varna 19 VAR019 Varna Varna, Varna 4,623 BCE R-F3867 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 8 VAR008 Varna Varna, Varna 4,622 BCE R-F3867 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 117 ANI159-ANI181 Varna Varna I, Varna Lake, Varna Province 4,616 BCE G-PF3359 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Varna 10 VAR010 Varna Varna, Varna 4,596 BCE T-L446 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 4 VAR004 Varna Varna, Varna 4,591 BCE G-CTS293 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 127 ANI160 Varna Varna I, Varna Lake, Varna Province 4,583 BCE G-CTS293 ? Mathieson et al. 2018; Penske et al. 2023
Petko 4 PTK004 Karanovo Petko Karavelovo, Polski Tyrambesh 4,555 BCE I-P214 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 20 VAR020 Varna Varna, Varna 4,528 BCE R-F3867 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 43 ANI152 Varna Varna I, Varna Lake, Varna Province 4,525 BCE T-M184 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Varna 22 VAR022 Varna Varna, Varna 4,517 BCE T-FTK451 Penske et al. 2023
Petko 5 PTK005 Karanovo Petko Karavelovo, Polski Tyrambesh 4,500 BCE G-S10654 ? Penske et al. 2023
Smyadovo 40 I2430 Chalcolithic Balkan Smyadovo, Shumen 4,498 BCE R-FTF108 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Yunatsite 48 YUN048 Gumelnița Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 4,497 BCE H-FT68618 ? Penske et al. 2023; Rohrlach et al. 2021
Varna 26 VAR026 Varna Varna, Varna 4,488 BCE R-PF6287 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 32 VAR032 Varna Varna, Varna 4,478 BCE T-FTK451 Penske et al. 2023
Varna 9 VAR009 Varna Varna, Varna 4,475 BCE E-BY28614 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 30 VAR030 Varna Varna, Varna 4,458 BCE I-L703 ? Penske et al. 2023
Yunatsite 26 YUN026 Gumelnița Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 4,455 BCE J-SK1363 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 16 VAR016 Varna Varna, Varna 4,452 BCE T-BY91852 ? Penske et al. 2023
Smyadovo 2428 I2428 Chalcolithic Balkan Smyadovo, Shumen 4,450 BCE G-L91 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Varna 18 VAR018 Varna Varna, Varna 4,443 BCE E-L618 ? Penske et al. 2023
Yunatsite 13 YUN013 Gumelnița Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 4,442 BCE C-F22647 Penske et al. 2023
Varna 6 VAR006 Varna Varna, Varna 4,425 BCE I-BY161062 ? Penske et al. 2023
Varna 11 VAR011 Varna Varna, Varna 4,416 BCE G-PF3204 ? Penske et al. 2023
Yunatsite 7 YUN007 Gumelnița Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 4,399 BCE J-FT134902 Penske et al. 2023
Yunatsite 9 YUN009 Gumelnița Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 4,398 BCE G-FGC82085 Penske et al. 2023
Yunatsite 15 YUN015 Gumelnița Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 4,396 BCE G-L30 ? Penske et al. 2023
Durankulak 1456 I1456 Proto-Yamnaya Durankulak, Tolbukhin, Southern Dobruja 3,250 BCE R-PF6162 ? Nikitin et al. 2025
Dzhulyunitsa 5 I2520 Chalcolithic Balkan Dzhulyunitsa, Lyaskovets, Veliko Tarnovo 3,203 BCE H-FT369003 Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018; Rohland et al. 2022
Smyadovo 2177 I2177 Bronze Age Balkan Smyadovo, Shumen 3,200 BCE I-M170 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Smyadovo 12 I2176 Bronze Age Balkan Smyadovo, Shumen 3,196 BCE I-Y92973 Lazaridis et al. 2022; Mathieson et al. 2018
Smyadovo 10 I2175 Bronze Age Balkan Smyadovo, Shumen 3,147 BCE I-Y92973 Mathieson et al. 2018
Merichleri 4 I2165 Bronze Age Balkan Kairyaka necropolis, Merichleri, Haskovo 2,960 BCE I-PF6902 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Mednikarovo 4 Bul4 Yamnaya Mednikarovo, Galabovo, Stara Zagora 2,945 BCE I-L703 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Popovo 1427 I1427 Yamnaya Golyamata Mogila (Popovo), Popovo, Bolyarovo, Yambol 2,900 BCE R-CTS7822 ? Nikitin et al. 2025
Yunatsite 38 YUN038 Bronze Age Balkan Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 2,838 BCE I-S19848 Penske et al. 2023
Dzhulyunitsa 1 I2510 Bronze Age Balkan Dzhulyunitsa, Lyaskovets, Veliko Tarnovo 2,808 BCE G-FTA37257 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Boyanovo 9 BOY009 Yamnaya Boyanovo, Yambol Oblast 2,799 BCE R-Z2109 ? Penske et al. 2023
Boyanovo 8 BOY008 Yamnaya Boyanovo, Yambol Oblast 2,798 BCE R-Z2103 ? Penske et al. 2023
Boyanovo 19 BOY019 Yamnaya Boyanovo, Yambol Oblast 2,797 BCE R-Z2109 ? Penske et al. 2023
Boyanovo 1 BOY001 Yamnaya Boyanovo, Yambol Oblast 2,787 BCE R-Z2103 ? Penske et al. 2023
Mogila 18801 I18801 Yamnaya Mogila, Yambol 2,750 BCE R-Z2103 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Yunatsite 37 YUN037 Bronze Age Balkan Yunatsite, Pazardzhik 2,700 BCE I-CTS4012 ? Penske et al. 2023
Tell Kran 19454 I19454 Bronze Age Balkan Tell Kran, Kazanlak 2,500 BCE I-CTS4012 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Beli Breyag 8 Bul8 Beli Breyag Beli Breyag, Sŭbrano, Nova Zagora, Sliven 2,500 BCE I-P215 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Beli Breyag 6 Bul6 Beli Breyag Beli Breyag, Sŭbrano, Nova Zagora, Sliven 2,500 BCE I-P78 Mathieson et al. 2018
Tell Kran 19452 I19452 Bronze Age Balkan Tell Kran, Kazanlak 2,500 BCE I-P78 Lazaridis et al. 2022
Tell Kran 19456 I19456 Bronze Age Balkan Tell Kran, Kazanlak 2,500 BCE J-PF5252 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Ezero 19457 I19457 Bronze Age Balkan Tell Ezero, Nova Zagora, Sliven 2,375 BCE R-Z2103 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Kapitan Andreevo 20182 I20182 Bronze Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 2,150 BCE Q-BZ1499 Lazaridis et al. 2022
Merichleri 2 I2163 Bronze Age Balkan Kairyaka necropolis, Merichleri, Haskovo 1,689 BCE R-Z93 ? Mathieson et al. 2018
Kapitan Andreevo 20180 I20180 Iron Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 800 BCE E-BY3880 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Kapitan Andreevo 20185 I20185 Iron Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 800 BCE E-BY3880 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Kapitan Andreevo 20181 I20181 Iron Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 800 BCE E-CTS5856 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Kapitan Andreevo 20183 I20183 Iron Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 800 BCE E-FGC68911 Lazaridis et al. 2022
Kapitan Andreevo 19494 I19494 Iron Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 800 BCE E-L618 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Kapitan Andreevo 19490 I19490 Iron Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 800 BCE E-PF2179 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Kapitan Andreevo 20186 I20186 Iron Age Balkan Kapitan Andreevo, Haskovo 800 BCE R-Z93 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Rozovo 19500 I19500 Iron Age Balkan Rozovo, Stara Zagora 250 BCE E-BY14160 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Akva Kalide 41149 I41149 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE C-FT360521 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41136 I41136 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE C-Y145488 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41135 I41135 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE C-Z29332 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 40573 I40573 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE E-BY158385 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41151 I41151 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE G-FGC2977 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41134 I41134 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE I-BY37505 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41148 I41148 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE I-FT10383 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 40571 I40571 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE I-Y7219 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41194 I41194 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE J-CTS2906 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 40570 I40570 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE J-FGC2 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41195 I41195 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE J-FT52987 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41137 I41137 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE J-FTE68180 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41139 I41139 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE L-BY13005 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41150 I41150 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE R-F1758 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Akva Kalide 41193 I41193 Gothic Akva Kalide, Burgas, Thrace 347 CE R-FT405296 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Boyanovo 18792 I18792 Roman Age Balkan Boyanovo, Elhovo, Yambol 400 CE E-L618 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022
Aul Kan Omurtag 41205 I41205 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Han Krum, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE C-Y184593 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Aul Kan Omurtag 41140 I41140 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Han Krum, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE G-Z40218 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Aul Kan Omurtag 40932 I40932 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Han Krum, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE I-FGC67849 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Aul Kan Omurtag 41203 I41203 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Han Krum, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE I-FT104588 ? Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Aul Kan Omurtag 41200 I41200 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Han Krum, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE I-Y44952 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Aul Kan Omurtag 41235 I41235 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Han Krum, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE J-FT68068 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Aul Kan Omurtag 40357 I40357 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE R-BY117235 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Aul Kan Omurtag 41198 I41198 Gothic Palace of Omurtag, Han Krum, Veliki Preslav, Shumen 419 CE R-FT421255 Akbari et al. 2026; Stamov et al. 2026
Veliko Tarnovo 2525 I2525 Medieval Bulgarian Veliko Tarnovo, Samovodene 936 CE Q-YP789 ? Lazaridis et al. 2022

Maternal lines of the ancients #

Source: YFull; no culture given.

Maternal lines of the ancients
Sample Site Date Branch
87072 Veliko Tarnovo 5,551 BCE H
87040 Veliko Tarnovo 4,401 BCE K1a2e
86598 Veliko Tarnovo 3,183 BCE H
86997 Veliko Tarnovo 2,806 BCE H4a1
119198 Haskovo 900 BCE H1e1b1j