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Latvia: ancient DNA

37
Y-DNA
samples
28
mtDNA
samples

People whose remains archaeologists found and whose DNA labs have read. The date is the middle of the dating interval, radiocarbon or by archaeological context. Branches link to branch pages where one exists. All archaeological cultures

Y-DNA

By period #

8,000–7,000 BCE
2 · 5.4%
7,000–6,000 BCE
3 · 8.1%
6,000–5,000 BCE
10 · 27.0%
5,000–4,000 BCE
3 · 8.1%
4,000–3,000 BCE
2 · 5.4%
2,000–1,000 BCE
1 · 2.7%
1,000–0 BCE
9 · 24.3%
0–1,000 CE
7 · 18.9%
Y-DNA

Branches #

R-M73
9 · 24.3%
I-Z161
4 · 10.8%
R-Y13467
4 · 10.8%
R-M417
3 · 8.1%
N-Z16981
3 · 8.1%
I-L1286
2 · 5.4%
I-P222
1 · 2.7%
Q-F1161
1 · 2.7%
Q-F1096
1 · 2.7%
I-Z165
1 · 2.7%
R-M198
1 · 2.7%
R-CTS1211
1 · 2.7%
Y-DNA

Cultures #

All archaeological cultures

mtDNA

By period #

7,000–6,000 BCE
4 · 14.3%
6,000–5,000 BCE
10 · 35.7%
5,000–4,000 BCE
4 · 14.3%
1,000–0 BCE
10 · 35.7%
mtDNA

Branches #

U5a2d
3 · 10.7%
U5a1c
2 · 7.1%
U2e1
2 · 7.1%
U4a1a
2 · 7.1%
U5b2a
1 · 3.6%
U4a
1 · 3.6%
U5a2c
1 · 3.6%
U5a2
1 · 3.6%
U5b1d1
1 · 3.6%
U5a1d
1 · 3.6%
U4b1a2
1 · 3.6%
U4a1
1 · 3.6%

Paternal lines of the ancients #

Source: FamilyTreeDNA Discover.

Paternal lines of the ancients
Sample Culture Site Date Branch Study
Zvejnieki 30 I4630 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 7,268 BCE R-FTA35780 Akbari et al. 2026; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 170 ZVEJ170 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki Burial, Vecate 7,182 BCE I-P222 ? Hofmanova et al. 2022 (bioRxiv)
Zvejnieki 3 I4550 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 6,539 BCE Q-FTF30 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 9 I4596 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 6,020 BCE I-FTA37527 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 10 I4432 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 6,008 BCE R-A11291 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 25 I4626 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,727 BCE R-FTA35787 Jones et al. 2017; Maisano Delser et al. 2021; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 4 I4551 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,720 BCE I-FT370114 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 20 I4439 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,696 BCE R-FTA35787 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 39 ZVEJ39 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki Burial, Vecate 5,681 BCE Q-NGQ11 ? Hofmanova et al. 2022 (bioRxiv)
Zvejnieki 307 NEO307 Kunda Zvejnieki Burial, Vecate 5,506 BCE I-PH5234 ? Allentoft et al. 2024
Zvejnieki 12 I4434 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,491 BCE R-FTA35785 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 7 I4553 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,420 BCE I-FT370114 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 16 I4438 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,298 BCE I-FTA37476 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 21 I4440 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,124 BCE I-FTA37476 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 27 I4628 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 5,076 BCE R-FTA35786 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Jones et al. 2017; Lazaridis et al. 2025; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 22 I4441 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 4,768 BCE I-L801 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 14 I4436 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 4,159 BCE R-FTA35785 Akbari et al. 2026; Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 26 I4627 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera 4,144 BCE R-FTA35787 Jones et al. 2017; Lazaridis et al. 2025; Mathieson et al. 2018
Zvejnieki 122 ZVEJ122 Neolithic Baltic Zvejnieki Burial, Vecate 3,890 BCE R-FTA35755 ? Hofmanova et al. 2022 (bioRxiv)
Riņņukalns 2039 RV2039 Baltic Hunter-Gatherer Riņņukalns 3,235 BCE R-CTS5437 ? Susat et al. 2021
Reznes 19066 I19066 Baltic Barrows Reznes, Salaspils, Salaspils Municipality 1,093 BCE R-M417 ? Akbari et al. 2026
Zvejnieki 19058 I19058 Flat Graves Zvejnieki, Vecate, Valmiera Municipality 931 BCE R-YP999 ? Akbari et al. 2026
Kivutkalns 25 Kivutkalns25 Bronze Age Baltic Kivutkalns 687 BCE R-CTS1211 ? Mittnik et al. 2018
Kivutkalns 153 Kivutkalns153 Bronze Age Baltic Grave, Kivutkalns 683 BCE R-M417 ? Mittnik et al. 2018
Kivutkalns 209 Kivutkalns209 Bronze Age Baltic Kivutkalns 660 BCE R-Y13467 Mittnik et al. 2018
Kivutkalns 222 Kivutkalns222 Bronze Age Baltic Kivutkalns 523 BCE R-Y13467 ? Mittnik et al. 2018
Kivutkalns 19 Kivutkalns19 Bronze Age Baltic Kivutkalns 483 BCE R-Y13467 Mittnik et al. 2018
Kivutkalns 164 Kivutkalns164 Bronze Age Baltic Kivutkalns 473 BCE R-M417 ? Mittnik et al. 2018
Kivutkalns 194 Kivutkalns194 Bronze Age Baltic Kivutkalns 348 BCE R-PF6162 ? Mittnik et al. 2018
Bērzkalni 19068 I19068 Baltic Barrows Bērzkalni, Gārsene, Jēkabpils Municipality 300 BCE R-YP6023 Akbari et al. 2026
Viking Latvia 12 VL12 Viking Age Baltic Southern Latvia 750 CE N-BY29105 PRJEB105039 (Ancient DNA from Viking Age individuals from Southern Latvia)
Viking Latvia 16 VL16 Viking Age Baltic Southern Latvia 750 CE N-CTS2929 ? PRJEB105039 (Ancient DNA from Viking Age individuals from Southern Latvia)
Viking Latvia 24 VL24 Viking Age Baltic Southern Latvia 750 CE N-FGC39885 PRJEB105039 (Ancient DNA from Viking Age individuals from Southern Latvia)
Viking Latvia 13 VL13 Viking Age Baltic Southern Latvia 750 CE N-Y34038 ? PRJEB105039 (Ancient DNA from Viking Age individuals from Southern Latvia)
Viking Latvia 17 VL17 Viking Age Baltic Southern Latvia 750 CE N-Y34038 ? PRJEB105039 (Ancient DNA from Viking Age individuals from Southern Latvia)
Viking Latvia 8 VL8 Viking Age Baltic Southern Latvia 750 CE N-Y34039 ? PRJEB105039 (Ancient DNA from Viking Age individuals from Southern Latvia)
Viking Latvia 10 VL10 Viking Age Baltic Southern Latvia 750 CE R-YP1020 ? PRJEB105039 (Ancient DNA from Viking Age individuals from Southern Latvia)

Maternal lines of the ancients #

Source: YFull; no culture given.

Maternal lines of the ancients
Sample Site Date Branch
87089 Neretas novads 6,552 BCE U5b2a7
87144 Neretas novads 6,354 BCE U5a1c3b2
34472 Talsu Aprinkis 6,335 BCE U4a
86607 Neretas novads 6,027 BCE U5a2d3
86632 Neretas novads 5,996 BCE U5a2c
82559 Burtnieku novads 5,739 BCE U2e1
87102 Neretas novads 5,726 BCE U5a2f1
87091 Neretas novads 5,699 BCE U5b1d1
87031 Neretas novads 5,684 BCE U2e1
87092 Neretas novads 5,497 BCE U5a2d3
87130 Neretas novads 5,426 BCE U5a1d
86615 Neretas novads 5,296 BCE U4b1a2
87469 Neretas novads 5,116 BCE U4a1-a9
83809 Burtnieku novads 5,077 BCE U5a2d4
87093 Neretas novads 4,776 BCE U5a1c3b2
87029 Neretas novads 4,194 BCE U5a1d2
87465 Neretas novads 4,185 BCE U4a1a1i2a
87022 Neretas novads 4,086 BCE U4a1a1i2a
32024 Salaspils novads 685 BCE H1b1-a
31279 Salaspils novads 678 BCE J1b1a1
30505 Salaspils novads 673 BCE U5a1a1-a
40382 Salaspils novads 672 BCE H28a9
32022 Salaspils novads 663 BCE H1b2
26621 Salaspils novads 593 BCE H1c
31816 572 BCE U5a1c1
29041 Salaspils novads 565 BCE H10a
29072 Salaspils novads 560 BCE U5a2a1
29244 Salaspils novads 318 BCE T1a1b-a