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Georgia: ancient DNA

116
Y-DNA
samples
17
mtDNA
samples

People whose remains archaeologists found and whose DNA labs have read. The date is the middle of the dating interval, radiocarbon or by archaeological context. Branches link to branch pages where one exists. All archaeological cultures

Y-DNA

By period #

25,000–24,000 BCE
1 · 0.9%
12,000–11,000 BCE
1 · 0.9%
8,000–7,000 BCE
2 · 1.7%
6,000–5,000 BCE
4 · 3.4%
4,000–3,000 BCE
2 · 1.7%
3,000–2,000 BCE
3 · 2.6%
2,000–1,000 BCE
23 · 19.8%
1,000–0 BCE
27 · 23.3%
0–1,000 CE
52 · 44.8%
1,000–2,000 CE
1 · 0.9%
Y-DNA

Branches #

I-SK1270
11 · 9.5%
I-Z26403
8 · 6.9%
G-L1266
5 · 4.3%
J-Y3612
5 · 4.3%
G-CTS11562
4 · 3.4%
G-P303
3 · 2.6%
R-M12149
3 · 2.6%
G-Z6700
3 · 2.6%
J-CTS1460
2 · 1.7%
J-Z1842
2 · 1.7%
J-M92
2 · 1.7%
R-PF7580
2 · 1.7%
Y-DNA

Cultures #

All archaeological cultures

mtDNA

By period #

12,000–11,000 BCE
1 · 5.9%
8,000–7,000 BCE
1 · 5.9%
2,000–1,000 BCE
1 · 5.9%
1,000–0 BCE
6 · 35.3%
0–1,000 CE
4 · 23.5%
1,000–2,000 CE
1 · 5.9%
mtDNA

Branches #

H13
2 · 11.8%
R1a1
2 · 11.8%
K
1 · 5.9%
T1a1
1 · 5.9%
D4j
1 · 5.9%
H13a1
1 · 5.9%
U3
1 · 5.9%
T1a5
1 · 5.9%
K1a1
1 · 5.9%
U3a
1 · 5.9%
W6
1 · 5.9%
W
1 · 5.9%

Paternal lines of the ancients #

Source: FamilyTreeDNA Discover.

Paternal lines of the ancients
Sample Culture Site Region Date Branch Study
Dzudzuana 1 I11857 Caucasian Hunter-Gatherer Dzudzuana Cave, Mghvimevi Georgia 24,400 BCE F-M89 ? Rohland et al. 2022
Satsurblia Caucasian Hunter-Gatherer Satsurblia cave, Kumistavi Georgia 11,332 BCE J-FT34521 Jones et al. 2015
Kotias Klde 281 NEO281 Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer Kotias Klde, Western Georgia Georgia 7,773 BCE J-FTK174 Allentoft et al. 2024
Kotias Kotias Kotias Klde cave, Chiatura Georgia 7,728 BCE J-SK1313 Jones et al. 2015; Maisano Delser et al. 2021
Große Ofnethöhle GrO1 Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer Ofnethöhlen, Nördlingen Georgia (Republic of Abkhazia) 5,770 BCE I-M423 ? Hofmanova et al. 2022 (bioRxiv); Posth et al. 2016; Q. Fu et al. 2016
Aruchlo 6 ARO006 Shomutepe-Shulaveri Aruchlo, Nakhiduri Georgia 5,660 BCE R-M479 ? Ghalichi et al. 2024
Aruchlo 11 ARO011 Shomutepe-Shulaveri Aruchlo, Nakhiduri Georgia 5,588 BCE J-L26 ? Ghalichi et al. 2024
Aruchlo 8 ARO008 Shomutepe-Shulaveri Aruchlo, Nakhiduri Georgia 5,463 BCE H-Z19008 Ghalichi et al. 2024; Rohrlach et al. 2021
Taribana 10 TRB010 Bronze Age Caucasian Taribana, Dedoplistkaro Municipality, Kakheti Georgia 3,300 BCE J-CTS1460 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Taribana 11 TRB011 Bronze Age Caucasian Taribana, Dedoplistkaro Municipality, Kakheti Georgia 3,294 BCE J-Z1842 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Balitshi-Dzedzvebi 79 A19271 Kura–Araxes Balitshi-Dzedzvebi, Kazreti Georgia 3,000 BCE J-FT3464 ? Ghalichi et al. 2024
Balitshi-Dzedzvebi 73 A19269 Kura–Araxes Balitshi-Dzedzvebi, Kazreti Georgia 3,000 BCE J-ZS7008 ? Ghalichi et al. 2024
Doghlauri 15 geo015 Copper Age Caucasian Doghlauri, Shida Kartli Georgia 2,951 BCE J-M92 ? Koptekin et al. 2023
Atskuri 1 ATK001 Trialeti Atskuri, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 1,860 BCE G-P303 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Alaverdi 2 AVR002 Bronze Age Caucasian Alaverdi, Telavi Municipality Georgia 1,860 BCE J-FTK207 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Atskuri 3 ATK003 Trialeti Atskuri, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 1,850 BCE G-FTA71102 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Atskuri 4 ATK004 Trialeti Atskuri, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 1,850 BCE G-L1266 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Atskuri 6 ATK006 Trialeti Atskuri, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 1,850 BCE G-P15 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Atskuri 5 ATK005 Trialeti Atskuri, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 1,840 BCE G-P303 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Ota 2 OTA002 Bronze Age Caucasian Ota, Samtskhe–Javakheti Georgia 1,700 BCE J-M92 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tsaghvli 2 TSG002 Bronze Age Caucasian Tsaghvli, Khashuri Municipality Georgia 1,650 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tsaghvli 1 TSG001 Bronze Age Caucasian Tsaghvli, Khashuri Municipality Georgia 1,641 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Saphar 11 SAP011 Bronze Age Caucasian Saphar-Kharaba, Tsalka Municipality, Kvemo Kartli Georgia 1,400 BCE I-Z26403 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 14 TSV014 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,336 BCE R-PF7580 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 8 TSV008 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,300 BCE G-FTD27934 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 2 TSV002 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,300 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 1 TSV001 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,300 BCE I-SK1271 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 9 TSV009 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,300 BCE I-V4854 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 7 TSV007 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,300 BCE J-Z35834 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 5 TSV005 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,252 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Nazarlebi 17 gur017 Bronze Age Caucasian Burial, Nazarlebi Georgia 1,250 BCE I-SK1270 ? Koptekin et al. 2023
Murakebi 1 MRA001 Bronze Age Caucasian Murakebi, Kakheti Georgia 1,200 BCE T-FTB11660 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Didnauri 5 geo005 Bronze Age Caucasian Didnauri, Samreklo Georgia 1,154 BCE R-M12149 ? Koptekin et al. 2023
Tserovani 6 TSV006 Bronze Age Caucasian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 1,150 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Didnauri 29 geo029 Bronze Age Caucasian Didnauri, Samreklo Georgia 1,118 BCE R-FTF28043 Koptekin et al. 2023; Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kistauri 1 KTR001 Iron Age Caucasian Kistauri, Kakheti Georgia 1,014 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Bazaleti 2 BZT002 Iron Age Caucasian Bazaleti, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 980 BCE J-Y30812 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Digomi 21779 CGG021779 Iron Age Caucasian Digomi, Tibilisi Georgia 950 BCE I-SK1270 ? McColl et al. 2024 (bioRxiv)
Treli 2 TRL002 Iron Age Caucasian Treli, Tbilisi Georgia 950 BCE I-V4854 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Treli 5 TRL005 Iron Age Caucasian Treli, Tbilisi Georgia 950 BCE I-V4854 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Nabagrebi 5 NBG005 Iron Age Caucasian Nabagrebi, Mtskheta District Georgia 750 BCE G-Z6700 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 5 KMR005 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 644 BCE R-M12149 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 15 KMR015 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 450 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 14 KMR014 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 450 BCE I-V4854 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 21 KMR021 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 450 BCE I-V4854 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 13 KMR013 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 450 BCE J-M410 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 26 KMR026 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 450 BCE J-Z30695 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 27 KMR027 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 450 BCE R-Z2124 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 3 KMR003 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 419 BCE T-BY86756 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Varsimaantkari 4 VRS004 Iron Age Caucasian Varsimaantkari, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 400 BCE J-Y3612 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Varsimaantkari 5 VRS005 Iron Age Caucasian Varsimaantkari, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 400 BCE J-Y3612 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Varsimaantkari 6 VRS006 Iron Age Caucasian Varsimaantkari, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 400 BCE J-Y3612 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Kamarakhevi 4 KMR004 Iron Age Caucasian Kamarakhevi, Mtskheta District Georgia 400 BCE T-BY86756 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Skhalta 2 SKH002 Iron Age Caucasian Skhalta, Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli Georgia 375 BCE I-SK1270 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Grakliani 3 IGT003 Iron Age Caucasian Grakliani-Igoeti, Kaspi Municipality Georgia 351 BCE G-FGC719 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Varsimaantkari 3 VRS003 Iron Age Caucasian Varsimaantkari, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 307 BCE G-Z6643 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Varsimaantkari 8 VRS008 Iron Age Caucasian Varsimaantkari, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 300 BCE G-Z6700 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Bazaleti 1 BZT001 Iron Age Caucasian Bazaleti, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 300 BCE J-Z7675 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Nastakisi 7 NSK007 Hellenistic Georgian Nastakisi, Kartli Georgia 150 BCE J-Z1828 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 23 SMT023 Hellenistic Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 125 BCE T-Y18004 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Erkneti 1 ERK001 Hellenistic Georgian Erkneti, Tskhinvali Georgia 72 BCE J-Z39601 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 14 SMT014 Hellenistic Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 25 BCE J-Z30695 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Natakhtari 1 NAT001x Hellenistic Georgian Natakhtari, Mtskheta District Georgia 1 BCE G-Z6554 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Natakhtari 2 NAT002x Hellenistic Georgian Natakhtari, Mtskheta District Georgia 13 CE J-BY32983 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 4 SMT004 Roman Age Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 170 CE R-Z2124 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Zhinvali 5 DZN005 Roman Age Georgian Zhinvali, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 175 CE G-FTJ38241 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Mogvtakari 1 MGV001 Roman Age Georgian Mogvtakari, Mtskheta District Georgia 175 CE G-Z6638 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Zhinvali 1 DZN001 Roman Age Georgian Zhinvali, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 219 CE G-BY21292 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Zhinvali 14 DZN014 Roman Age Georgian Zhinvali, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 225 CE G-BY21292 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tchiatura 8 TCH008 Roman Age Georgian Tchiatura, Chiatura Municipality Georgia 225 CE G-Z6700 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khtsisi 1 KHS001 Roman Age Georgian Khtsisi, Shida Kartli Georgia 225 CE R-BY3293 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tchiatura 4 TCH004 Roman Age Georgian Tchiatura, Chiatura Municipality Georgia 225 CE R-PF7580 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khimshiaant 1 KIM001 Roman Age Georgian Khimshiaant, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 234 CE J-CTS7188 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Aragvispiri 1 AGV001 Roman Age Georgian Aragvispiri, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 275 CE G-FT203845 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khimshiaant 3 KIM003 Roman Age Georgian Khimshiaant, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 275 CE J-Z18426 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 7 SMT007 Roman Age Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 300 CE G-P303 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khimshiaant 2 KIM002 Roman Age Georgian Khimshiaant, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 300 CE G-PF3299 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Aragvispiri 2 AGV002 Roman Age Georgian Aragvispiri, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 300 CE J-CTS3261 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Rustavi 1 RTV001 Roman Age Georgian Rustavi, Kvemo Kartli Georgia 307 CE G-PH4763 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 3 SMT003 Roman Age Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 309 CE J-FGC62187 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Nedzikhi 2 NDZ002 Roman Age Georgian Nedzikhi, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 323 CE I-FTA78412 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Nedzikhi 3 NDZ003 Roman Age Georgian Nedzikhi, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 325 CE I-FTA79450 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Nedzikhi 6 NDZ006 Roman Age Georgian Nedzikhi, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 325 CE J-Y3612 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 19 TSV019 Roman Age Georgian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 328 CE T-Z709 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Nedzikhi 9 NDZ009 Roman Age Georgian Nedzikhi, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 337 CE J-Y3612 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Fiqris 6 FQR006 Roman Age Georgian Fiqris Gora, Tbilisi Georgia 375 CE J-FTG64136 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samshvilde 15 SVL015 Medieval Georgian Samshvilde, Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli Georgia 394 CE R-M198 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Klde 8 KLD008 Medieval Georgian Klde, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 450 CE J-Z1828 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Klde 6 KLD006 Medieval Georgian Klde, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 450 CE J-Z1853 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Klde 7 KLD007 Medieval Georgian Klde, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 450 CE Q-L245 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Klde 10 KLD010 Medieval Georgian Klde, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 450 CE Q-L245 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Zhinvali 2 DZN002 Medieval Georgian Zhinvali, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 450 CE R-FGC22473 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 25 SMT025 Medieval Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 459 CE R-L1280 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Zhinvali 8 DZN008 Medieval Georgian Zhinvali, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 475 CE G-BY21292 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 19 SMT019 Medieval Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 476 CE R-FTF58425 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 17 SMT017 Medieval Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 477 CE E-M78 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Tserovani 18 TSV018 Medieval Georgian Tserovani, Mtskheta District Georgia 480 CE J-L70 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Klde 11 KLD011 Medieval Georgian Klde, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 481 CE R-ACT5146 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Fiqris 2 FQR002 Medieval Georgian Fiqris Gora, Tbilisi Georgia 492 CE J-PH245 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Lafanaantkari 1 IAF001 Medieval Georgian Lafanaantkari, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 500 CE J-M67 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Lafanaantkari 4 IAF004 Medieval Georgian Lafanaantkari, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 500 CE R-M12149 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Klde 12 KLD012 Medieval Georgian Klde, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 524 CE R-ACT4850 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Zhinvali 11 DZN011 Medieval Georgian Zhinvali, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 560 CE R-CTS9219 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Zhinvali 6 DZN006 Medieval Georgian Zhinvali, Dusheti Municipality Georgia 575 CE G-BY21297 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Klde 13 KLD013 Medieval Georgian Klde, Akhaltsikhe Municipality Georgia 594 CE G-PF3183 Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Mukhatgverdi 1 MUK001 Medieval Georgian Mukhatgverdi, Mtskheta District Georgia 600 CE J-M47 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samshvilde 7 SVL007 Medieval Georgian Samshvilde, Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli Georgia 650 CE J-BY32912 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samshvilde 6 SVL006 Medieval Georgian Samshvilde, Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli Georgia 650 CE J-Z2227 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 18 SMT018 Medieval Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 650 CE R-FT203817 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Samtavro 24 SMT024 Medieval Georgian Samtavro, Mtskheta District Georgia 650 CE T-CTS5299 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Mtsketijvari 1 MKV001 Medieval Georgian Mtsketijvari, Khashuri Municipality Georgia 720 CE R-M417 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khuntsi 2 KHT002 Medieval Georgian Khuntsi, Martvili Municipality Georgia 750 CE G-PH1780 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khuntsi 6 KHT006 Medieval Georgian Khuntsi, Martvili Municipality Georgia 750 CE J-Z6065 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khuntsi 3 KHT003 Medieval Georgian Khuntsi, Martvili Municipality Georgia 778 CE G-PH311 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Khuntsi 1 KHT001 Medieval Georgian Khuntsi, Martvili Municipality Georgia 875 CE G-FGC65388 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025
Bodbe 1 BBD001 Medieval Georgian Bodbe, Signaghi Municipality Georgia 1,133 CE G-FT34 ? Skourtanioti et al. 2025

Maternal lines of the ancients #

Source: YFull; no culture given.

Maternal lines of the ancients
Sample Site Region Date Branch
5384 Imeret’i Georgia 11,305 BCE K3
5383 Imeret’i Georgia 7,770 BCE H13c
152775 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia 1,400 BCE T1a1ae1
148279 T’bilisi Georgia 950 BCE D4j5
157957 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia 400 BCE H13a1d
152779 Shida K’art’li Georgia 351 BCE U3c1a1
152776 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia 307 BCE R1a1h
157956 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia 300 BCE T1a5c
152777 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia 300 BCE K1a1
152782 Imeret’i Georgia 225 CE U3a-a
157960 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia 325 CE W6c1
157961 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia 337 CE W7a
152780 Samegrelo-Zemo Svanet’i Georgia 875 CE R1a3
91475 Abkhazia Georgia (Republic of Abkhazia) 1,850 CE L2b1b1
152903 Mts’khet’a-Mt’ianet’i Georgia — T2g1a6
152902 Kakhet’i Georgia — N1a2a1a
134879 Imeret’i Georgia — H13c