Steppe from the Dnieper to the Urals: Yamnaya culture → Catacomb culture

Each sample is cut to its ancestor at the chosen depth; a sample whose test did not reach that deep stays on its own branch. An asterisk: in this culture the branch also has samples further down. “A → B” is the share of A's samples with a branch of the same line in B: the same branch, its ancestor or a branch under it. A sample whose test stopped higher could belong to any branch under it, so it matches them. The frequency overlap sums the smaller share of every shared branch, such a sample's share split among the branches under it by their shares in both cultures together; it is less swayed by single samples. By age, a sample moves up to the ancestor whose branch had already split off by the chosen year (branch ages are Discover estimates), so every letter is cut at the same time. “Auto” takes the time of the oldest culture chosen, or earlier if a column would not read otherwise. Maternal lines follow the Mitotree tree of FTDNA Discover.